Identification of Pathogens in HIV-Infected Patients Using Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) as Compared to Conventional Microbiological Tests (CMTs).

Background: The rapid and accurate identification of infectious pathogens in HIV-infected patients remains a challenge. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a panpathogen assay for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. Here, the diagnostic value of mNGS was evaluated in HIV-infected patients and compared with conventional microbiological tests (CMTs).

Economic evaluation of short message service intervention for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in China: a modelling study.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) globally face a high risk of HIV infection. Previous studies indicate that customized short message service (SMS) interventions could reduce high-risk behaviors that associated with HIV transmission. This study aims to evaluate the health and economic impacts of such interventions among MSM in China.

Using novel deep learning models for rapid and efficient assistance in monkeypox screening from skin images.

Monkeypox, a communicable disease instigated by the monkeypox virus, transmits through direct contact with infectious skin lesions or mucosal blisters, posing severe complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even fatality. Traditional clinical diagnostics, heavily reliant on the discerning judgment of clinical experts, are both time-consuming and labor-intensive, with inherent infection risks, underscoring the critical need for automated, efficient auxiliary diagnostic models. In response, we have developed a deep learning classification model augmented by self-attention mechanisms and feature pyramid integration, employing attentional strategies to amalgamate image features across varying scales and assimilating knowledge from the VGG model to selectively capture salient features.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of antiretroviral drugs for treatment-naive HIV infection in China.

Introduction: Dolutegravir (DTG)-based regimen was included in the expanded formulary of China's National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program at the end of 2021. Yet high price of DTG and lack of health economic evaluation in China present barriers for implementation of the regimen. The study aims to investigate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of DTG-based regimen for treatment-naive HIV infection in China.

Prevalence of and prognosis for poor immunological recovery by virally suppressed and aged HIV-infected patients.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) prolongs lifespan and decreases mortality of HIV infected patients. However, many patients do not achieve optimal immune reconstitution. The influence of non-optimal immune recovery on non-AIDS related diseases is not well defined in aged HIV-infected patients receiving ART.

Highly sensitive paper-based immunoassay: Combining nanomaterials modified cellulose with covalent and oriented immobilization of antibody.

Among the analytical tools, paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have become a leading alternative for point-of care testing (POCT). In this study, PADs were fabricated using an office laser printer. Then, the paper zone was modified with graphene oxide (GO) and pyrene derivatives, which provide a sufficient amount of carboxylic groups for conjugating antibodies.

Risk factors associated with 30-day hospital readmissions among persons living with HIV in Nantong, China.

Objective: To estimate 30-day hospital readmission rates among persons living with HIV (PLWH) at the Nantong Infectious Disease Hospital in China and analyse the related risk factors.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted. There were 894 PLWH records obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) system at the Nantong Infectious Disease Hospital in China, from October 2013 to February 2018.

Identification of novel lncRNAs associated with sensitivity of HIV antiretroviral therapy: A two-stage matched case-control study.

Background: To identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that may be used as potential biomarkers of sensitivity to antiretroviral therapy (ART) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Method: A two-stage matched case-control study was conducted. First, in the screening stage, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of six subjects receiving lamivudine-based ART (3 ART-resistant and 3 ART-sensitive subjects with matching durations of ART) were subjected to comprehensive microarray expression profiling in order to screen out lncRNAs associated with ART sensitivity.

Efficacy and Safety of a Simplified Lamivudine Plus Dolutegravir Dual Therapy in HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study in China.

Background: Results from both clinical trials and real-world observational studies suggest that lamivudine plus dolutegravir (3TC + DTG) dual therapy has excellent virological efficacy and safety in HIV-1-infected patients. However, there is still no relevant study related to this dual therapy reported in China.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study that included HIV-1-infected patients in China, baseline and follow-up data were collected to analyze the virological suppression rate, immune restoration, and adverse events during follow-up in HIV-1-infected patients who switched to the 3TC + DTG dual therapy.

Analysis of hospitalization expenses of 610 HIV/AIDS patients in Nantong, China.

Background: The goal of this study was to describe the expenses related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) management and care in Nantong Infectious Disease Hospital from October 2013 through June 2017.

Methods: The information of 610 HIV/AIDS inpatients were collected from the Electronic Medical Record System of the hospital. Univariate and path analysis were employed to evaluate the association between hospitalization expense and its related factors.