Lead exposure leads to premature neural differentiation via inhibiting Wnt signaling.

Heavy metals, such as Lead (Pb), are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that is a considerable problem worldwide. Increasing evidences suggest that Pb exposure negatively impact central nervous system. However, the exact toxic mechanism of Pb on early human brain development remain unclear due to the limitations of animal models and 2D cell models.

AAV-mediated Stambp gene replacement therapy rescues neurological defects in a mouse model of microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome.

The microcephaly-capillary malformation (MIC-CAP) syndrome is a life-threatening disease caused by biallelic mutations of the STAMBP gene, which encodes an endosomal deubiquitinating enzyme. To establish a suitable preclinical animal model for clinical therapeutic practice, we generated a central nervous system (CNS)-specific Stambp knockout mouse model (Stambp ) that phenocopies Stambp null mice including progressive microcephaly, postnatal growth retardation and complete penetrance of preweaning death. In this MIC-CAP syndrome mouse model, early-onset neuronal death occurs specifically in the hippocampus and cortex, accompanied by aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins, and massive neuroinflammation.

Underwater Turbid Media Stokes-Based Polarimetric Recovery.

Underwater optical imaging for information acquisition has always been an innovative and crucial research direction. Unlike imaging in the air medium, the underwater optical environment is more intricate. From an optical perspective, natural factors such as turbulence and suspended particles in the water cause issues like light scattering and attenuation, leading to color distortion, loss of details, decreased contrast, and overall blurriness.

Dynamic Regulation of in the Social and Motor Development of Zebrafish: A Developmental Behavior Analysis.

Both social and motor development play an essential role in an individual's physical, psychological, and social well-being. It is essential to conduct a dynamic analysis at multiple time points during the developmental process as it helps us better understand and evaluate the trajectory and changes in individual development. Recently, some studies found that mutations in the gene may contribute to motor impairments, delays in achieving motor milestones, and deficits in social behavior and communication skills in patients.

Behavioral and Sensory Deficits Associated with Dysfunction of GABAergic System in a Novel -Deficient Zebrafish Model.

Hyper-reactivity to sensory inputs is a common and debilitating symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the underlying neural abnormalities remain unclear. Two of three patients in our clinical cohort screen harboring de novo mutations also exhibited high sensitivity to visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli, so we examined whether shank2 deficiencies contribute to sensory abnormalities and other ASD-like phenotypes by generating a stable -deficient zebrafish model (). The adult zebrafish demonstrated reduced social preference and kin preference as well as enhanced behavioral stereotypy, while larvae exhibited hyper-sensitivity to auditory noise and abnormal hyperactivity during dark-to-light transitions.

A single-cell atlas reveals the heterogeneity of meningeal immunity in a mouse model of Methyl CpG binding protein 2 deficiency.

Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a DNA methylation reader protein. Mutations in are the major cause of Rett syndrome (RTT). Increasing evidence has shown that dysregulated immunity and chronic subclinical inflammation are linked to MeCP2 deficiency and contribute to RTT development and deterioration.

Effective Analysis of Antiviral Treatment in Patients with HBeAg-Seropositive Chronic Hepatitis B with ALT < 2 Upper Limits of Normal: A Multi-center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Although the indications for antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B have been gradually expanded in different guidelines, antiviral treatment efficacy remains unclear among HBeAg-seropositive patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 2 upper limits of normal (ULN). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral therapy for these patients.

Methods: In total, 102 treatment-naive patients who were HBeAg seropositive with ALT < 2 ULN and had received nucleotide analogs were included, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.

Novel compound heterozygous mutation in causes a neurodevelopmental disorder by disrupting cortical proliferation.

Background: Mutations in the gene, which encodes a deubiquitinating isopeptidase called STAM-binding protein, are related to global developmental delay, microcephaly, and capillary malformation. Owing to the limited number of reported cases, the functional and phenotypic characteristics of variants require further elucidation.

Materials And Methods: Whole exome sequencing was performed on a patient presenting with a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Effectiveness of antiviral treatment in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with normal or mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase: a retrospective study.

Background: There are inadequate data and no histological evidence regarding the effects of antiviral treatment for hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with normal or mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). This study investigated the effects of antiviral treatment on these patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed the outcomes of antiviral treatment for HBeAg-negative CHB patients with normal or mildly elevated ALT who were treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) for up to 96 weeks.

Deleterious Variation in BR Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 Classified a Subtype of Autism.

Recently, deleterious variants in the BR serine/threonine kinase 2 () gene have been reported in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), suggesting that is a new high-confidence ASD risk gene, which presents an opportunity to understand the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of ASD. In this study, we performed clinical and neurobehavioral evaluations of a proband with a non-sense variant in (p.R222X) with other reported mutant patients.

Adaptive Immune Deficiency Impairs Neural Activity After Training and Retrieval.

Neuroimmune interactions have been studied for decades. Several neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with immune dysfunction. However, the effects of immune system on neuronal function remain unknown.

A Novel Method of Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Supersensitive and Selective Detection of Cancer Markers.

Due to the dual role as an electron acceptor and an electron donor in solution, carbon dots (Cdots) have broad applications in environmental analysis, biological detection, and biosensors. Herein, we report a facile-green strategy for a large-scale synthesis of fluorescent N, P-doped carbon dots (N, P-Cdots) with an absolute quantum yield of 66.08% by a simple one-step thermal decomposition.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Glucose by a "Turn-Off-On" Fluorescent Probe Using Gadolinium-Doped Carbon Dots and Carbon Microparticles.

Carbon dots, as a potential substitute for semiconductor quantum dots, have drawn great interest in recent years. The preparation of fluorescent carbon dots has been made easy with many significant advances, but the complicated purifying processes, low quantum yield, and blue emission wavelength still limit its wider application in biosensors, biomedicine, and photonic devices. Here we report a strategy to synthesis Gd-doped carbon dots (Gd-Cdots) of super-high quantum yield with a microwave assisted hydrothermal method.

[Primary culture of human malignant meningioma cells and its intracranial orthotopic transplantation in nude mice].

Objective: To obtain stable primary cultures of human malignant meningioma cells and establish an intracranial in-situ tumor model in nude mice.

Methods: Ten surgical specimens of highly suspected malignant meningioma were obtained with postoperative pathological confirmation. Primary malignant meningioma cells were cultured from the tissues using a modified method and passaged.