Physiological responses of Quercus acutissima and Quercus rubra seedlings to drought and defoliation treatments.

Ongoing global climate change is increasing the risk of drought stress in some areas, which may compromise forest health. Such drought events also increase outbreaks of insect herbivores, resulting in plant defoliation. Interactions between drought and defoliation are poorly understood.

Mowing Did Not Alleviate the Negative Effect of Nitrogen Addition on the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community in a Temperate Meadow Grassland.

As nitrogen deposition intensifies under global climate change, understanding the responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to nitrogen deposition and the associated mechanisms are critical for terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, the effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on AM fungal communities in soil and mixed roots were investigated in an Inner Mongolia grassland. The results showed that nitrogen addition reduced the α-diversity of AM fungi in soil rather than that of root.

Physiological Responses of and Seedlings to Repeated Drought-Rewatering Under Different Planting Methods.

Changing precipitation patterns have aggravated the existing uneven water distribution, leading to the alternation of drought and rewatering. Based on this variation, we studied species, namely, and , with different root forms and water regulation strategy to determine physiological responses to repeated drought-rewatering under different planting methods. Growth, physiological, and hydraulic traits were measured using pure and mixed planting seedlings that were subjected to drought, repeated drought-rewatering (i.

polysaccharide inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in RPE cells.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major diabetic complications and remains the most common cause of adult blindness among patients with diabetes mellitus. polysaccharides (PSP) are a group important component of (PS) with anti-diabetic activity. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of PSP on diabetic retinopathy remains unclear.

Oxidative damage induces MCP-1 secretion and macrophage aggregation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of progressive and degenerative visual impairment. Although the exact pathogenic mechanism of AMD is still unknown, clinical observations such as the high accumulation of oxidative products and macrophages in retina suggest the importance of oxidative stress and inflammation in AMD.

Methods: Mouse photoreceptor-derived 661 W cells and human ARPE-19 cells were treated with oxidized phospholipids (Ox-PC) or HO to mimic oxidative damage.

Neural deficits in second language reading: fMRI evidence from Chinese children with English reading impairment.

In alphabetic language systems, converging evidence indicates that developmental dyslexia represents a disorder of phonological processing both behaviorally and neurobiologically. However, it is still unknown whether, impaired phonological processing remains the core deficit of impaired English reading in individuals with English as their second language and how it is represented in the neural cortex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study investigated the neural responses to letter rhyming judgment (phonological task) and letter same/different judgment (orthographic task) in Chinese school children with English and Chinese reading impairment compared to typically developing children.