Asthmatic patients with high serum amyloid A have proinflammatory HDL: Implications for augmented systemic and airway inflammation.

Rationale: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in blood. Although SAA is increased in the blood of patients with asthma, it is not known whether this modifies asthma severity.

Objective: We sought to define the clinical characteristics of patients with asthma who have high SAA levels and assess whether HDL from SAA-high patients with asthma is proinflammatory.

Transmitted Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Persons With Acute/Early/Primary HIV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has raised concerns about the emergence of HIV transmitted drug resistance (TDR). Acute HIV infection (AHI) was the most appropriate time to detect the spread of TDR. In this meta-analysis, our purpose was to evaluate the level of TDR in ART-naive patients with primary HIV infection (PHI)/AHI/early HIV infection (EHI) and to describe the critical drug-resistant mutations.

Three-Drug Regimens Containing Integrase Inhibitor Show Good Efficacy and Safety in Treatment-Naive Patients With HIV-1: A Bayesian Analysis.

The extensive utilisation of antiretroviral therapy has greatly improved the survival rates of those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to compare 3-drug regimens containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with 3-drug regimens containing integrase inhibitor (INI) regarding efficacy and safety in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults at 48 and 96 weeks, respectively. This study was a network meta-analysis using a Bayesian methodology.

Adjunct Therapy for CD4 T-Cell Recovery, Inflammation and Immune Activation in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

HIV infection results in immune homeostasis perturbations, which is characterized by CD4 T-cell depletion, immune activation, and inflammation. Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not fully restore immunologic and clinical health in people living with HIV (PLWH). Various drugs have been used to improve their immune status and CD4 T-cell counts, but no measures have been tested effective.

Factors Associated with Medication Adherence for People Living with Acute HIV Infection in a Tertiary Chinese Hospital in Beijing.

Both the management and caregiving intervention of people living with HIV (PLWH), especially during acute HIV-1 infection, represent a public health issue and a form of social support. This current study analyzed the demographic and clinical factors associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence of PLWH from positive HIV diagnosis to ART initiation in a tertiary Chinese hospital in Beijing. A total of 200 participants diagnosed with acute HIV-1 infection were enrolled in this study.

Apolipoprotein E Signals via TLR4 to Induce CXCL5 Secretion by Asthmatic Airway Epithelial Cells.

The primary function of APOE (apolipoprotein E) is to mediate the transport of cholesterol- and lipid-containing lipoprotein particles into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. APOE also has pro- and antiinflammatory effects, which are both context and concentration dependent. For example, mice exhibit enhanced airway remodeling and hyperreactivity in experimental asthma, whereas increased APOE levels in lung epithelial lining fluid induce IL-1β secretion from human asthmatic alveolar macrophages.

Problem-Based Learning Could Tackle the Issue of Insufficient Education and Adherence in People Living With HIV/AIDS.

Poor medication adherence is still the main cause of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Effective behavioral interventions are needed to improve HIV awareness and medication adherence. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) approaches to HIV-related education and adherence outcomes among PLWHA and a college student sample.

Apolipoprotein E is a concentration-dependent pulmonary danger signal that activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β secretion by bronchoalveolar fluid macrophages from asthmatic subjects.

Background: House dust mite (HDM)-challenged Apoe mice display enhanced airway hyperreactivity and mucous cell metaplasia.

Objective: We sought to characterize the pathways that induce apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophages from asthmatic subjects and identify how APOE regulates IL-1β secretion.

Methods: Macrophages were isolated from asthmatic BALF and derived from THP-1 cells and human monocytes.

ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 attenuates ovalbumin-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation.

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is an important component of high-density lipoprotein particles that mediates reverse cholesterol transport out of cells by interacting with the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1). apoA-I has also been shown to attenuate neutrophilic airway inflammation in experimental ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma by reducing the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Here, we hypothesized that overexpression of the ABCA1 transporter might similarly attenuate OVA-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 promotes house dust mite-induced airway inflammation in mice.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein (Pglyrp) 1 is a pattern-recognition protein that mediates antibacterial host defense. Because we had previously shown that Pglyrp1 expression is increased in the lungs of house dust mite (HDM)-challenged mice, we hypothesized that it might modulate the pathogenesis of asthma. Wild-type and Pglyrp1(-/-) mice on a BALB/c background received intranasal HDM or saline, 5 days/week for 3 weeks.

Human apolipoprotein E genotypes differentially modify house dust mite-induced airway disease in mice.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an endogenous negative regulator of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and mucous cell metaplasia in experimental models of house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway disease. The gene encoding human apoE is polymorphic, with three common alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4) reflecting single amino acid substitutions at amino acids 112 and 158. The objective of this study was to assess whether the human apoE alleles modify airway responses to repeated nasal HDM challenges.

Antioxidant components of naturally-occurring oils exhibit marked anti-inflammatory activity in epithelial cells of the human upper respiratory system.

Background: The upper respiratory tract functions to protect lower respiratory structures from chemical and biological agents in inspired air. Cellular oxidative stress leading to acute and chronic inflammation contributes to the resultant pathology in many of these exposures and is typical of allergic disease, chronic sinusitis, pollutant exposure, and bacterial and viral infections. Little is known about the effective means by which topical treatment of the nose can strengthen its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses.

Analysis of the cellular centrosome in fine-needle aspirations of the breast.

Background: The purpose of the present investigation is to determine whether centrosome amplifications are present in breast tumor cells, whether there are differences of centrosome amplification between benign breast lesions and breast carcinomas, and whether centrosomal analysis can be of value in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast carcinoma.

Methods: Using immunofluorescence analysis with an antibody against gamma-tubulin, we analyzed centrosome abnormalities in fine-needle aspirations of 100 breast lesions (25 cases with benign lesions and 75 cases with carcinomas).

Results: We found that centrosome amplifications, including numerical centrosome amplification and structural centrosome amplification, were present in most breast tumors.

Overexpression of osteopontin is associated with more aggressive phenotypes in human non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The extracellular matrix (ECM) molecule osteopontin is implicated in many pathologic processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, ECM invasion, tumor progression, and metastasis. The present study evaluated the clinical and biological importance of osteopontin in human lung cancer.

Experimental Design And Results: Tissue microarrays derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were analyzed immunohistochemically.

An approach to studying lung cancer-related proteins in human blood.

Early stage lung cancer detection is the first step toward successful clinical therapy and increased patient survival. Clinicians monitor cancer progression by profiling tumor cell proteins in the blood plasma of afflicted patients. Blood plasma, however, is a difficult cancer protein assessment medium because it is rich in albumins and heterogeneous protein species.