Analysis and validation of potential ICD-related biomarkers in development of myopia using machine learning.

Purpose: We aimed to identify and verify potential biomarkers in the development of myopia associated with immunogenic cell death (ICD).

Methods: We download high myopia (HM) dataset GSE136701 from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes in HM were identified to overlapped with ICD-related genes.

Mechanisms of MALAT1 regulating proliferative diabetic retinopathy via targeting miR-126-5p.

Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary reason for blindness among the middle-aged and elderly. It can progress to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), a condition that is accompanied by retinal neovascularization as the disease worsens. Understanding the pathogenesis of PDR can facilitate the development of treatments.

Transcription factor FOXP1 mediates vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still the fastest growing cause of blindness in working aged adults, and its typical characteristics are endothelial cell dysfunction and pericytes loss. Transcription factor fork head box P1 (FOXP1) is a member of FOX family involved in diabetes progression and is expressed in endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of FOXP1 in DR.

Urolithin A ameliorates diabetic retinopathy via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is characterised by excessive inflammation and oxidative stress. Urolithin A (UA), a major metabolite of ellagic acid, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions in various human diseases. This study, for the first time, uncovered the role of UA in DR pathogenesis.

Extracellular vesicles secreted from mesenchymal stem cells exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects via transmitting microRNA-18b in rats with diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual deficits and blindness in the working-age population and inflammatory response is a key event during DR. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in a diabetic rat model and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. After development of DR in rats subjected to diabetes induction with streptozotocin (STZ), the DR rats were treated with different concentrations of hUCMSC-sEVs.

Transient Ischemic Attack and Hypoventilation 12 Hours After Intra-vitreal Aflibercept Injection.

Given the role the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays in controlling and preserving the integrity of the vascular endothelium intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents may affect the risk of thromboembolic events. This is particularly noticeable in patients who are at risk for atherosclerosis. Here, we present one of the first case reports of transient ischemic attack (TIA) together with hypoventilation secondary to aflibercept injection.

MicroRNA‑126 suppresses the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in experimental diabetic retinopathy by targeting polo‑like kinase 4.

As a specific microvascular complication of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes severe visual impairment in patients with diabetes. The expression of microRNA‑126 (miRNA/miR‑126) has previously been found to be significantly decreased in the serum of patients with DR. In the present study, the functions of miR‑126 and its mechanisms of action in experimental diabetic retinopathy were examined in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced diabetes and in high glucose (HG)‑induced human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs).

Choroidal Changes in Diabetic Patients With Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the long-term microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is considered a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemia can cause microvascular abnormalities to the retina and the choroid as well. The vascular tissue of the choroid supplies blood to the outer retina, photoreceptors, and retinal pigment epithelium.

The expression and significance of mTORC1 in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: To investigate the expression and significance of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1) in diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to find new targets and new methods for the treatment of DR.

Methods: A DR rat model was prepared by general feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of 10% streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into a control group (NDM group) and a diabetes group (DM group).

Sensitized heat shock protein 27 induces retinal ganglion cells apoptosis in rat glaucoma model.

Aim: To investigate the relationships between the changes of heat shock protein 27 antibody (anti-HSP27) in serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis in a rat glaucoma model and disclose the underlying pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Methods: A total of 115 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the ocular hypertension group by condensing 3 episcleral & limbal veins or episcleral area of right eye (HP group, =25) and sham operation group with conjunctiva incision without coagulation (=25).

Protective factors for diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Long duration of no less than 10 years.

Aim: To study the factors protecting against diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with over a decade-long history of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 490 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus lasting for ≥10 years were divided into DR and no diabetic retinopathy (no DR) groups. Their basic information was collected, including age, sex, and duration of diabetes mellitus, as well as pertinent laboratory data.

mTORC1 regulates apoptosis and cell proliferation in pterygium via targeting autophagy and FGFR3.

Pterygium is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. During the initiation of pterygium, resting epithelial cells are activated and exhibit aberrant apoptosis and cell proliferation. Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of cell growth, cell proliferation, protein synthesis, autophagy and transcription.

MicroRNA-126: a promising novel biomarker in peripheral blood for diabetic retinopathy.

Aim: To investigate the content of serum microRNA-126 (miR-126) and its role in screening retinal endothelial injury and early diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: The study included 184 serum samples, 59 samples from healthy individuals, 44 samples from diabetes mellitus (DM) patients without diabetic retinopathy (NDR), 42 from non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients and 39 samples from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. The expression of miR-126 was evaluated using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Detection and comparison of matrix metalloproteinase in primary and recurrent pterygium fibroblasts.

Aim: To detect and compare the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted by primary and recurrent human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs).

Methods: Primary and recurrent HPFs as well as human conjunctival fibroblasts (HCF) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium at the same conditions. The protein levels of MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.

[Oxidative damage and photoreceptor cell apoptosis in contusion injury of the rabbit retina].

Objective: To study the mechanism of retina injury and photoreceptor apoptosis after contusion as well as their triggering factor.

Methods: The rabbit retina was injured by a 3 J energy contusion caused by a free falling iron bar hitting the cornea. The morphologic changes of the retina were observed by light and electron microscopes.