Blue LED causes autophagic cell death in human osteosarcoma by increasing ROS generation and dephosphorylating EGFR.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in adolescence. Lately, light-emitting diodes (LED)-based therapy has emerged as a new promising approach for several diseases. However, it remains unknown in human OS.

ALKBH5 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration by demethylating the mRNA of YTHDF1.

N-methyladenosine (mA) RNA modification, a dynamic and reversible process, is essential for tissue development and pathogenesis. However, the potential involvement of mA in the regulation of cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation and cardiac regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the essential role of mA modification in heart regeneration during postnatal and adult injury.

Large-Scale and Flexible Optical Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing and Integrated Visible Information Sensing Memory Processing.

Optoelectronic synapses integrating synaptic and optical-sensing functions exhibit large advantages in neuromorphic computing for visual information processing and complex learning, recognition, and memory in an energy-efficient way. However, electric stimulation is still essential for existing optoelectronic synapses to realize bidirectional weight-updating, restricting the processing speed, bandwidth, and integration density of the devices. Herein, a two-terminal optical synapse based on a wafer-scale pyrenyl graphdiyne/graphene/PbS quantum dot heterostructure is proposed that can emulate both the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic behaviors in an optical pathway.

Melatonin promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart repair in mice with myocardial infarction via miR-143-3p/Yap/Ctnnd1 signaling pathway.

The neonatal heart possesses the ability to proliferate and the capacity to regenerate after injury; however, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not fully understood. Melatonin has been shown to protect the heart against myocardial injury through mitigating oxidative stress, reducing apoptosis, inhibiting mitochondrial fission, etc. In this study, we investigated whether melatonin regulated cardiomyocyte proliferation and promoted cardiac repair in mice with myocardial infarction (MI), which was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

Synthesis of Wafer-Scale Monolayer Pyrenyl Graphdiyne on Ultrathin Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Multibit Optoelectronic Memory.

Graphdiyne is a new two-dimensional carbon allotrope with many attractive properties and has been widely used in various applications. However, the synthesis of large-area, high-quality, and ultrathin (especially monolayer) graphdiyne and its analogues remains a challenge, hindering its application in optoelectronic devices. Here, a wafer-scale monolayer pyrenyl graphdiyne (Pyr-GDY) film is obtained on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) via a van der Waals epitaxial strategy, and top-floating-gated multibit nonvolatile optoelectronic memory based on Pyr-GDY/hBN/graphene is constructed, using Pyr-GDY as a photoresponsive top-floating gate.

Iron overload inhibits self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells via DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species.

Iron overload affects the cell cycle of various cell types, but the effect of iron overload on human pluripotent stem cells has not yet been reported. Here, we show that the proliferation capacities of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were significantly inhibited by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, deferoxamine protected hESCs/hiPSCs against FAC-induced cell-cycle arrest.

Targeting LncDACH1 promotes cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardium infarction.

Neonatal mammalian heart maintains a transient regeneration capacity after birth, whereas this regeneration ability gradually loses in the postnatal heart. Thus, the reactivation of cardiomyocyte proliferation is emerging as a key strategy for inducing heart regeneration in adults. We have reported that a highly conserved long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LncDACH1 was overexpressed in the failing hearts.

mA Methylation of Precursor-miR-320/RUNX2 Controls Osteogenic Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is the main enzyme for N-methyladenosine (mA)-based methylation of RNAs and it has been implicated in many biological and pathophysiological processes. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential involvement of METTL3 in osteoblast differentiation and decipher the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. We demonstrated that METTL3 is downregulated in human osteoporosis and the ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model, as well as during the osteogenic differentiation.

YAP/TEAD3 signal mediates cardiac lineage commitment of human-induced pluripotent stem cells.

Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great potential for therapy of heart diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of its cardiac differentiation have not been fully elucidated. Hippo-YAP signal pathway plays important roles in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ size.

miR-149-3p Regulates the Switch between Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs by Targeting FTO.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been suggested to possess the capacity to differentiate into different cell lineages. Maintaining a balanced stem cell differentiation program is crucial to the bone microenvironment and bone development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have played a critical role in regulating the differentiation of BMSCs into particular lineage.

Arsenic trioxide blocked proliferation and cardiomyocyte differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells: Implication in cardiac developmental toxicity.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been recommended as the first-line agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), due to its substantial anticancer effect. Numerous clinical reports have indicated that ATO is a developmental toxicant which can result in birth defects of human beings. But whether arsenic trioxide can lead to human cardiac developmental toxicity remains largely unknown.

Synergistic anti-tumor effects of arsenic trioxide and blue LED irradiation on human osteosarcoma.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been well recognized as an anti-tumor agent for various human cancers. Recently, the blue light emitting diodes (LEDs)-based therapy has also been demonstrated to be potential therapeutic strategies for several cancers. However, the combination effects of ATO and blue LED on tumor suppression are still unclear.

Iron Homeostasis Determines Fate of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Via Glycerophospholipids-Epigenetic Circuit.

Iron homeostasis is crucial for a variety of biological processes, but the biological role of iron homeostasis in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether iron homeostasis is involved in maintaining the pluripotency of human PSCs (hPSCs). We found that the intracellular depletion of iron leads to a rapid downregulation of NANOG and a dramatic decrease in the self-renewal of hPSCs as well as spontaneous and nonspecific differentiation.

The Long Noncoding RNA CAREL Controls Cardiac Regeneration.

Background: Adult mammalian heart loses regeneration ability following ischemic injury due to the loss of cardiomyocyte mitosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the post-mitotic nature of cardiomyocytes remain largely unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to define the essential role of long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) in heart regeneration during postnatal and adult injury.