Effects of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Neonatal Acquisition of Group B Streptococci.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of colonization with group B streptococci (GBS) among neonates as influenced by maternal GBS carriage and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).

Study Design: Between October 2014 and May 2015, nasopharyngeal and rectal swab samples were collected from 730 neonates at 1 week and 1 month after birth. GBS and capsular serotype were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and by culture.

Enhancement of bactericidal activity against group B streptococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility by uptake of gentamicin into cells resulting from combination with β-lactam antibiotics.

Combined effects of penicillin (PEN) and gentamicin (GM) against Streptococcus agalactiae, i.e. group B streptococci (GBS), are known to occur, but synergy has not been examined in strains with reduced PEN susceptibility, usually called PEN-resistant GBS (PRGBS).

Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia resulting from antimicrobial resistance acquired during treatment for X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

This is the first report of penicillin/cephalosporin-resistant Helicobacter cinaedi arising from prolonged treatment. H. cinaedi, common among immunocompromised patients, caused recurrent bacteremia and cellulitis in a 19-year-old Japanese man with X-linked agammaglobulinemia.