Recent advances in the potential effects of natural products from traditional Chinese medicine against respiratory diseases targeting ferroptosis.

Respiratory diseases, marked by structural changes in the airways and lung tissues, can lead to reduced respiratory function and, in severe cases, respiratory failure. The side effects of current treatments, such as hormone therapy, drugs, and radiotherapy, highlight the need for new therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a promising alternative, leveraging its ability to target multiple pathways and mechanisms.

Identification and Validation of a Hypoxia and Glycolysis Prognostic Signatures in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represents a prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with a complex molecular landscape. Dysregulated cellular energetics, notably the interplay between hypoxia and glycolysis, has emerged as a hallmark feature of LUAD tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we aimed to identify hypoxia and glycolysis related gene signatures and construct a prognostic model to enhance the clinical management of LUAD.

The protective effects of baicalin for respiratory diseases: an update and future perspectives.

Respiratory diseases are common and frequent diseases. Due to the high pathogenicity and side effects of respiratory diseases, the discovery of new strategies for drug treatment is a hot area of research. Georgi (SBG) has been used as a medicinal herb in China for over 2000 years.

Cauliflower-like NiFe alloys anchored on a flake iron nickel carbonate hydroxide heterostructure towards superior overall water and urea electrolysis.

Exploring efficient, stable and multifunctional Earth-rich electrocatalysts is vital for hydrogen generation. Hence, an efficient heterostructure consisting of cauliflower-like NiFe alloys anchored on flake iron nickel carbonate hydroxide which is supported on carbon cloth (NiFe/NiFeCH/CC) was synthesized as a trifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen production by overall water and urea splitting. While optimizing and regulating the ratio of Ni to Fe, benefiting from the special morphology and synergistic effect between the NiFe alloy and NiFeCH, the NiFe/NiFeCH/CC heterostructure exhibits outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a low overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm after a stability test for 150 h.

Identification of DNA methylation and genetic alteration simultaneously from a single blood biopsy.

Background: High-throughput sequencing of blood cell-free DNA (cfDNA) techniques offer an opportunity to characterize and monitor cancer rapidly in a non-invasive and real-time manner. Nonetheless, there lacks a tool within therapeutic arsenal to identify multi-omics alterations simultaneously from a single biopsy. In current times, bisulfite-based sequencing detects 5mC and 5hmC at single-base resolution is the golden standard of DNA methylation, while the degradation of DNA and biased sequencing data are the problems of this method.

Protective Effects of the Wenfei Buqi Tongluo Formula on the Inflammation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-B Pathway.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with high mortality and poor prognosis. The prognostic signatures related to conventional therapy response remain limited. The Wenfei Buqi Tongluo (WBT) formula, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been widely utilized to treat respiratory diseases in China, which is particularly effective in promoting inflammatory absorption.

Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of FeNi alloy quantum dot-decorated cobalt carbonate hydroxide nanosword arrays for effective overall water splitting.

The development of earth-abundant catalysts toward high-efficiency overall water splitting is of critical importance for electrochemical hydrogen production. Here, novel FeNi alloy quantum dot (QD)-decorated cobalt carbonate hydroxide (CoCH) nanosword arrays were successfully constructed on Ni foam (FeNi/CoCH/Ni foam) and used as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline media. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between the FeNi alloy QDs and CoCH, the FeNi/CoCH/Ni foam electrode delivers a current density of 20 mA cm at an overpotential of 240 mV and a small Tafel slope of 44.

Cross-oncopanel study reveals high sensitivity and accuracy with overall analytical performance depending on genomic regions.

Background: Targeted sequencing using oncopanels requires comprehensive assessments of accuracy and detection sensitivity to ensure analytical validity. By employing reference materials characterized by the U.S.

Quality Control of Next-generation Sequencing-based Diagnostic Test for Onco-relevant Mutations Using Multiplex Reference Materials in Plasma.

Widespread clinical implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based cancer diagnostic tests (IVDs) highlighted the urgency to establish reference materials which could provide full control of the process from nucleic acid extraction to test report generation. The formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and blood plasma containing circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) were mostly used for clinically detecting onco-relevant mutations. We respectively developed multiplex FFPE and plasma reference materials covering three clinically onco-relevant mutations within the () gene at serial allelic frequencies.

Detection of Rare Mutations in CtDNA Using Next Generation Sequencing.

The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a valuable tool for the development of clinical oncology. However, the application of this method is challenging due to its low sensitivity in analyzing the trace amount of ctDNA in the blood. Furthermore, the method may generate false positive and negative results from this sequencing and subsequent analysis.

Technical Validation of a Next-Generation Sequencing Assay for Detecting Clinically Relevant Levels of Breast Cancer-Related Single-Nucleotide Variants and Copy Number Variants Using Simulated Cell-Free DNA.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is commonly used in a clinical setting for diagnostic and prognostic testing of genetic mutations to select optimal targeted therapies. Herein, we describe the development of a custom NGS assay for detecting single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) in a panel of 51 genes related to breast cancer. We designed and implemented a validation strategy in accordance with principles and guidelines developed by the Next-Generation Sequencing: Standardization of Clinical Testing work group using artificial, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) with mutant fragments prepared in a simple, rapid, and cost-effective manner.

A short-read multiplex sequencing method for reliable, cost-effective and high-throughput genotyping in large-scale studies.

Accurate genotyping is important for genetic testing. Sanger sequencing-based typing is the gold standard for genotyping, but it has been underused, due to its high cost and low throughput. In contrast, short-read sequencing provides inexpensive and high-throughput sequencing, holding great promise for reaching the goal of cost-effective and high-throughput genotyping.

Comprehensive evaluation of SNP identification with the Restriction Enzyme-based Reduced Representation Library (RRL) method.

Background: Restriction Enzyme-based Reduced Representation Library (RRL) method represents a relatively feasible and flexible strategy used for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) identification in different species. It has remarkable advantage of reducing the complexity of the genome by orders of magnitude. However, comprehensive evaluation for actual efficacy of SNP identification by this method is still unavailable.

Open-source genomic analysis of Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4.

An outbreak caused by Shiga-toxin–producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 occurred in Germany in May and June of 2011, with more than 3000 persons infected. Here, we report a cluster of cases associated with a single family and describe an open-source genomic analysis of an isolate from one member of the family. This analysis involved the use of rapid, bench-top DNA sequencing technology, open-source data release, and prompt crowd-sourced analyses.

Sequencing of 50 human exomes reveals adaptation to high altitude.

Residents of the Tibetan Plateau show heritable adaptations to extreme altitude. We sequenced 50 exomes of ethnic Tibetans, encompassing coding sequences of 92% of human genes, with an average coverage of 18x per individual. Genes showing population-specific allele frequency changes, which represent strong candidates for altitude adaptation, were identified.

Diverse and dynamic populations of cyanobacterial podoviruses in the Chesapeake Bay unveiled through DNA polymerase gene sequences.

Many podoviruses have been isolated which infect marine picocyanobacteria, and they may play a potentially important role in regulating the biomass and population composition of picocyanobacteria. However, little is known about the diversity and population dynamics of autochthonous cyanopodoviruses in marine environments. Using a set of newly designed PCR primers which specifically amplify the DNA pol from cyanopodoviruses, a total of 221 DNA pol sequences were retrieved from eight Chesapeake Bay virioplankton communities collected at different times and locations.

Genetic diversity and abundance of flavobacterial proteorhodopsin in China seas.

Proteorhodopsin (PR) genes related to Flavobacteria were found to be highly diverse in the East and South China seas and displayed a distinct geographic pattern, which appeared to reflect cold versus warm adaptation when Global Oceanic Sampling database metagenomic data were included. Flavobacterial PR genes were more abundant offshore than nearshore, implying that inheritance of the PR gene could be important for Flavobacteria living in the oligotrophic environment.