Subjective versus objective measures of tic severity in Tourette syndrome - The influence of environment.

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of environmental challenges on tic expression by subjective and objective measures. The study group consisted of 41 children aged 6-18 years (M=10.15, SD=2.

Tic-related cognition, sensory phenomena, and anxiety in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome.

Background: Tourette syndrome is a protoypical example of developmental psychopathology, with the varying expressions of the disorder and its consequences appearing over time. Sensory urges typically appear after age 10 and are often followed by anxiety and depression.

Objective: To study the associations among tic-related cognitions, premonitory urges, and tic severity in children with Tourette syndrome at different stages of the illness.