Extract Stimulates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes.

Smaller adipocytes are related to the reversal of metabolic disorders, suggesting that molecules that can act in the adipogenesis pathway are of great interest. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of extract (GbE) in modulating the differentiation in preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated for 7 days into adipocytes without (control group) and with GbE at 1.

Ginkgo biloba Extract (GbE) Restores Serotonin and Leptin Receptor Levels and Plays an Antioxidative Role in the Hippocampus of Ovariectomized Rats.

Since Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) was reported to improve the hypothalamic serotonergic system of ovariectomized (OVX) rats, the present study aimed to verify the GbE effects on hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammation, and levels of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and both the serotonin (5-HT, 5-HT) and leptin receptors of OVX rats. Two-month-old female Wistar rats had their ovaries surgically removed (OVX) or not (SHAM). After 60 days, OVX rats were gavaged daily with GbE 500 mg kg (OVX+GbE), while SHAM and OVX groups received saline 0.

Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) attenuates obesity and anxious/depressive-like behaviours induced by ovariectomy.

While several pieces of evidence link obesity and mood disorders in menopause, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. We have previously demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) both attenuated diet-induced obesity of male rats and restored serotonin-induced hypophagia in ovariectomized female rats. The present study aimed at exploring whether GbE treatment ameliorates ovariectomy-related obesity and anxious/depressive-like behaviours.

PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone reduces microglial proliferation and NF-κB activation in the substantia nigra in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonists have received much attention in research because of their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that reduce cell death and halt the progression of neurodegeneration. Thus, this study observed the pioglitazone effects on the main inflammatory markers after 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion.

Methods: The effects of a 5-day administration of the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (30 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats that received bilateral intranigral infusions of 6-OHDA.