Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) of the urinary bladder presenting as urinary tract infection in a young woman.

PEComa is a rare mesenchymal tumor with unique features, sometimes manifesting in younger patients and can exhibit malignant transformation. We present a 24-year-old woman with urinary symptoms and hematuria. Imagining revealed a protruding mass in the bladder dome, raising suspicion for adenocarcinoma due to its location and vascular appearance.

Outcomes of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology in community- vs. institution-performed cytology.

Objectives: Despite the important role of the community in the assessment and risk stratification of patients with thyroid nodules, evidence-based data on the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) performance in community clinics is lacking. We aim to evaluate BSRTC performance of aspirations taken in community clinics compared with primary referral center.

Methods: Patients who underwent thyroid surgery between 2013 and 2018 at our institution were divided according to the fine needle aspirations (FNA) settings: community FNA (cFNA) vs.

Positive Correlation of Thyroid Nodule Cytology with Molecular Profiling-a Single-Center Experience.

Despite several reports on the association between molecular profiling, aggressive histology, and clinical outcomes, the association between mutation expression and pre-operative cytology is yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, we performed a retrospective, single-center study, including all patients who underwent molecular profiling of thyroid nodules in Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) categories III to VI, between 2018 and 2019. Medical records were reviewed to collect demographics, cytology results according to BSRTC, final pathology (presence of malignancy and its type, as well as presence of aggressive features, including extrathyroidal extension, positive neck lymph nodes, and multifocality), and the identified genetic variants stratified by risk levels, according to the 2015 ATA guidelines.

Outcomes of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: Real-life experience.

Objective: The 2017 revised Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) included new malignancy rates for each category as well as new management recommendations. Here, we evaluate the malignancy rate and test performance for BSRTC categories in a middle-sized institution outside the United States (US).

Design: Retrospective single centre case series with chart review.

Metastatic carcinoma occurring in a gastric hyperplastic polyp mimicking primary gastric cancer: the first reported case.

Hyperplastic polyps of the stomach are regarded as benign. However, in rare cases they may contain incipient primary carcinomas. To our knowledge, breast carcinoma metastatic to a gastric hyperplastic polyp has not yet been reported.

Hepatocyte antigen (Hep Par 1) is helpful in distinguishing between inflamed and architecturally altered ileal and colonic mucosa.

In chronic inflammatory states, the ileal mucosa may flatten, whereas the colonic mucosa may develop a villiform surface. Accordingly, pathologic biopsies labeled by the endoscopist as "ileocolic" or "ileocecal" may generate confusion or uncertainty as to their specific origin. To facilitate distinguishing between architecturally altered ileal and colonic mucosae, we assessed the hepatocyte paraffin 1 (Hep Par 1) antibody, reported to react with normal and metaplastic small bowel epithelium but not with normal colonic epithelium, in 25 ileal biopsies (10 normal and 15 pathologic), 25 colonic biopsies (10 normal and 15 pathologic), and 20 samples labeled as "ileocecal" or "ileocolic" in which the organ of origin could not be definitely established because of mucosal inflammation and distortion.

Early colonic perineurioma: a report of 11 cases.

Colonic perineurioma has been depicted as characterized by a mucosal proliferation of monomorphic spindle perineurial cells leading to an evident separation, distortion, and entrapment of colonic crypts. The authors, however, believe that a sizable subset of the cases differ in that they display only a limited perineurial proliferation leading to only mild crypt separation without crypt entrapment. This morphological variant (early perineurioma) has not yet been documented.

Utility of MIB-1 (Ki-67) in evaluating diminutive colorectal polyps with cautery artifact.

Context: Accurate interpretation of colorectal polyp histology is essential in the decision-making process during treatment and surveillance following polypectomies. However, interpretation of diminutive colorectal polyps removed by thermal electrocoagulation (hot biopsy technique) is often problematic as a result of cautery artifact.

Objective: To evaluated the usefulness of the proliferation marker MIB-1 (Ki-67) as an aid in the differential diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps with cautery artifact, as adenomatous and nonadenomatous polyps display different patterns of epithelial proliferation.

Expression of the intestinal marker Cdx2 in secondary adenocarcinomas of the colorectum.

Context: Secondary adenocarcinomas of the large bowel can closely mimic primary tumors. The differentiation of secondary from primary adenocarcinomas of the colorectum, however, is important because their clinical management and prognosis are different. Immunostaining with the nuclear transcription factor Cdx2, expressed in normal intestinal epithelia and colorectal adenocarcinomas, could be of potential diagnostic use.

Expression of the intestinal marker Cdx2 in the columnar-lined esophagus with and without intestinal (Barrett's) metaplasia.

Barrett's esophagus is diagnosed when goblet cells are found in the lower esophageal mucosa. However, the distribution of these cells is patchy and they may not represent the earliest marker of intestinal metaplasia. Cdx2 is a transcription factor whose expression in normal tissues is restricted to intestinal-type epithelium.

The value of Cdx2 immunostaining in differentiating primary ovarian carcinomas from colonic carcinomas metastatic to the ovaries.

Histologic differentiation of primary ovarian carcinoma from colonic carcinoma metastatic to the ovary may be difficult. Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) immunostaining is usually used, but these markers lack specificity for ovarian and intestinal epithelium, and overlapping results have been reported. Cdx2 is a transcription factor whose expression in normal tissues is limited to the intestinal epithelium.

CD10 is helpful in detecting occult or inconspicuous endometrial stromal cells in cases of presumptive endometriosis.

Background: Previous studies have shown that CD10 is a marker for normal, ectopic, and neoplastic endometrial stromal cells. However, its value in confirming a diagnosis of presumptive endometriosis has not been extensively studied.

Objective: To assess the reactivity of CD10 in a series of cases of presumptive endometriosis and to establish the potential usefulness of this antibody in confirming the diagnosis.