Increasing probability of record-population exposure to high temperature and related health-risks in China.

Combining the comprehensive effects of temperature and humidity, this study applies a heat stress index to project future population exposure to high temperature and related health-risks over China under different climate change scenarios. Results show that the number of high temperature days, population exposure and their related health-risks will increase significantly in the future compared to the reference period (1985-2014), which is mainly caused by the change of >T99p (the wet bulb globe temperature >99th percentile derived from the reference period). The population effect is absolutely dominant in influencing the decrease in exposure to T90-95p (the wet bulb globe temperature is in the range of (90th, 95th]) and T95-99p (the wet bulb globe temperature is in the range of (95th, 99th]), and the climate effect is the most prominent contributor to the upsurge in exposure to > T99p in most areas.

Genome balance and dosage effect drive allopolyploid formation in .

Polyploidy is a major evolutionary force that has shaped plant diversity. However, the various pathways toward polyploid formation and interploidy gene flow remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the immediate progeny of allotriploid AAC (obtained by crossing allotetraploid and diploid ) was predominantly aneuploids with ploidal levels ranging from near-triploidy to near-hexaploidy, and their chromosome numbers deviated from the theoretical distribution toward increasing chromosome numbers, suggesting that they underwent selection.

Assessing the quality of primary healthcare for diabetes in China: multivariate analysis using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) Database.

Objective: To assess the quality of primary healthcare (PHC) for patients with diabetes in China from 2011 to 2015.

Setting: This study analysed data on 1006, 1472 and 1771 participants with diabetes who were surveyed in 2011, 2013 and 2015, respectively, in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative survey conducted in 29 provinces of China.

Outcome Measures: The study measured the proportions of patients with diabetes who received diabetes-related health education, examinations and treatments, as well as the hospital admission rate due to diabetes of these patients.

A Systems Vaccinology Approach Reveals Temporal Transcriptomic Changes of Immune Responses to the Yellow Fever 17D Vaccine.

In this study, we used a systems vaccinology approach to identify temporal changes in immune response signatures to the yellow fever (YF)-17D vaccine, with the aim of comprehensively characterizing immune responses associated with protective immunity. We conducted a cohort study in which 21 healthy subjects in China were administered one dose of the YF-17D vaccine; PBMCs were collected at 0 h and then at 4 h and days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, 84, and 168 postvaccination, and analyzed by transcriptional profiling and immunological assays. At 4 h postvaccination, genes associated with innate cell differentiation and cytokine pathways were dramatically downregulated, whereas receptor genes were upregulated, compared with their baseline levels at 0 h.

[Prenatal screening for major fetal heart defects by training sonographers in township hospitals and county health centers: a feasibility study].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of screening for major fetal heart disease by training sonographers in township or county level hospitals.

Methods: Training of B ultrasound scan for congenital heart defects was given to the sonographers from one county hospital, and thirteen township hospitals (or the district hospitals), and training of fetal echocardiography was given to sonographers from four city/county hospitals. The trained sonographers who had passed the examinations and had obtained qualifications after six months of independent practice began to screen fetal congenital heart defects.

A 60-year review on the changing epidemiology of measles in capital Beijing, China, 1951-2011.

Background: China pledged to join the global effort to eliminate measles by 2012. To improve measles control strategy, the epidemic trend and population immunity of measles were investigated in 1951-2011 in Beijing.

Methods: The changing trend of measles since 1951 was described based on measles surveillance data from Beijing Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Surface antibody and cytokine response to recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine.

Objective: To compare the immune responses of the 10 μg and 20 μg doses of CHO hepatitis B vaccine on adults.

Methods: Adults aged 18-45 years who gave a history of never having received hepatitis B vaccine and lacked serologic evidence of infection to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or previous vaccination were enrolled into the study. A total of 642 eligible participants were randomized to receive 3 doses of either the 10 μg or the 20 μg formulation of CHO hepatitis B vaccine in a 0-1-6 month schedule.

Safety and immunogenicity of two freeze-dried Vero cell rabies vaccines for human use in post-exposure prophylaxis.

To provide basis for human rabies vaccination in China, the safety and immunogenicity of two freeze-dried Vero cell rabies vaccines for human use were assessed. A total of 250 volunteers were enrolled and divided into two groups: volunteers in Group A (n=200) were vaccinated five doses of Speeda Vero cell rabies vaccine manufactured by Liaoning Chengda Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

[Study on the cellular and humoral immunity effect of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell hepatitis B vaccine in adults].

Objective: To evaluate the cellular and humoral immunity effect of 10 µg and 20 µg recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell hepatitis B vaccine in adults by randomized double-blind controlled trials.

Method: A total of 642 adults aged 18 - 45 years old, non-vaccinated against hepatitis B, and hepatitis B five blood indicators negative were selected as the study subjects. The study subjects were randomly divided into two groups and each group had 321 subjects.

[Analysis of adverse events following 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccinoprophylaxis in Beijing].

Objective: To evaluate the safety of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine based on mass immunization initiative in Beijing.

Method: There were 2 113 280 people were vaccinated during September to December 2009. The information of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was collected through surveillance system, and descriptive methodology was used for data analysis.

[Study on the immuno-effects and influencing factors of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell hepatitis B vaccine among adults, under different dosages].

Objective: To evaluate the immuno-effect and related influencing factors on 10 µg and 20 µg Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell hepatitis B vaccine, using the randomized double-blind controlled trials in adult population.

Methods: A total of 642 adults aged 18 - 45 years old, non-vaccinated against hepatitis B, and negative on five blood indicators for hepatitis B, were selected as the study objects from four districts in Beijing. The study objects were randomly divided into two groups, and then accepted 10 µg and 20 µg recombinant CHO hepatitis B vaccination by 0 - 1 - 6 month schedule.

[Effectiveness on post-exposure vaccination of varicella and its influencing factors in elementary schools in Beijing].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of post-exposure varicella vaccination in elementary schools in Beijing and to explore its influencing factors.

Methods: From May to July 2007, varicella cases from 49 elementary schools in 4 districts in Beijing were observed prospectively. The study included 7882 children who were from the same classrooms, same floor or same bungalow areas with the varicella cases.

Immunization status and risk factors of migrant children in densely populated areas of Beijing, China.

Objective: To properly evaluate the immunization status and determine risk factors of migrant children in 23 densely populated towns and townships in Beijing.

Methods: A household cluster sampling survey was implemented and standard face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1820 migrant children aged 12-35 months. Demographic characteristics of the child and primary caregiver, the child's migrant characteristics, the primary caregiver's knowledge and attitude toward immunization, information about immunization services provided by the local clinic, and the child's immunization history were obtained.

The molecular characterization of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis strains circulating in Beijing.

The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular features of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis strains circulating in Beijing, China. Twenty out of 23 strains belonged to ST 4821. The causative serosubtype for meningococcal meningitis was P1.

Laboratory confirmation of a suspicious meningococcal meningitis death case.

A suspicious meningococcal meningitis death case was reported to the Beijing CDC. The blood specimen was analyzed via multi-PCR and MLST. 6 isolates from close contacts were analyzed via PFGE and MLST.