Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases risk factors in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) risk factors in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Materials And Methods: By using WHO STEPS approach survey findings were estimated from 2623 Kyrgyz residents aged 25-64 years. It was determined the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for NCDs, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia.

[Segregation analysis of some anthroposcopic characteristics. II. Age dependence and signs with three phenotypic variants].

Results of genetic analysis of three anthroposcopic traits, performed on a sample of pedigrees from a Kyrgyz population, are presented. The segregation analysis method used allows analysis of pedigrees of arbitrary structure with account of age dependence of genotype penetrances. The method involves analysis of not only binary traits, but also of traits with three phenotypic.

[Segregation analysis of certain anthroposcopic characteristics. I. Alternative signs with penetration independent of age].

Genetic analysis of a number of anthroposcopic traits was attempted using a sample of pedigrees from the Kirgiz population. We used methods of binary trait segregation analysis, which allowed us to analyze pedigrees of arbitrary structure. The genetic model applied was based on the monogenic diallelic mode of inheritance with arbitrary genotype penetrances and allowed for different phenotypic expressions of a genotype in males and females.

[The characteristics of the lipid-hormonal interrelations in young men with a history of myocardial infarct (based on family registry data in Novosibirsk and Bishkek)].

Altogether 226 male probands who suffered large-focal or transmural myocardial infarction (MI) before reaching 50 years were examined in Novosibirsk and Bishkek in one stage according to the unified program. In Novosibirsk all the probands were Russians whereas in Bishkek 75 probands were Kirghizs and 71 were Russians. The probands were examined within a period of 1 to 3 years after MI.

[Feasibility of monogenic control of blood cholesterol content for the Kirghiz population].

The samples presented by 67 pedigrees ascertained from the Kirghiz population via proband having an early myocardial infarction were analysed for ischemic heart disease. It is shown that these pathologies are not accompanied by high increase in the cholesterol level, as is usual for the European populations. Segregation analysis of the cholesterol level was performed and a possibility of monogenic control of this trait was demonstrated.

[The prevalence of the main risk factors among probands who have had a myocardial infarct at a young age and among their relatives (based on family registry data in Bishkek and Novosibirsk)].

Macrofocal or transmural myocardial infarction at the age under 50 in probands served the criterion for selection of 136 families in Bishkek and Novosibirsk (66 Kirghiz and 70 Russian families, respectively). Main risk factors in probands and their families were determined according to WHO methodological recommendations. Essential hypertension was more prevalent in probands and their families in Bishkek, while hypercholesterolemia was more common in Novosibirsk families.

[The effect of altitude factors on the human body].

Negative consequences of the impact of alpine factors on the body of man are described. Alpine acute lung edema is one of the dangerous diseases that may develop under alpine conditions. This may affect not only beginners but also aborigines of the mountains, who return to the places they come from after a temporary stay in lowlands.

[Prevalence of atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias among the highland population].

The survey of a population including 40-59-old males, dwellers from the rural areas of the Tien Shan and Pamirs low- and highlands, has demonstrated that atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias are significantly more infrequently encountered among high-altitude dwellers than among low-altitude ones. The lower incidence of atherogenic dyslipoproteinemias in the mountain-dwellers correlates with much lower prevalence of coronary heart disease and its risk factors such as arterial hypertension, smoking, and obesity than with that in lowland-dwellers.

[Relation between coronary disease risk factors and mortality among men aged 40-59 years in the city of Frunze (5-year follow-up)].

The paper presents the dynamics of risk factors which was traced during prophylactic medical examinations and its relation to death rates among 40-59-year-old males from Frunze over 5 years. Prophylactic measures were found to lead to a positive dynamics of risk factors such as smoking, low physical activity, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension in groups of active prevention. There was a decrease in death rates due to cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, among individuals with arterial hypertension, obesity, and low activity in the same group.

Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease risk factors among the male population in Frunze aged 40-59 years and results of a five-year prevention programme.

The study analyses, first, the prevalence of risk factors of ischaemic heart disease among the male population of the city of Bishkek, aged 40-59 years (n = 5246) and, second, the efficacy of a preventive programme according to the development of risk factors in groups exposed to preventive measures of various intensity during 5 years. The prevalence of IHD risk factors in the given population was very high. In the group exposed to active preventive intervention a decrease in the prevalence of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and low physical activity was registered after 5 years, compared to a group without active prevention.

[Study of the effect of migration to high-mountain regions on the blood lipoprotein system].

The effect of regular migration of lowlands residents to highlands on their blood lipoproteins was investigated. As compared to non-migrants, the migrants showed a decrease of serum total cholesterol, a reduction of low density lipoproteins, and an increase of high density lipoproteins. The antiatherogenic changes in blood lipoproteins were correlated with a lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease in migrants.

[Effectiveness of the cooperative program of multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease (results of the 3-year study)].

The paper provides the results obtained in the course of the cooperative All-Union programme on multifactor prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD), which has been implemented over 3 years to examine the efficiency of preventive actions aimed at correcting the levels of CHD risk factors. The study was conducted in 6 centers of the country among a non-organized male population aged 40-59 years. The outcome of the preventive measures, largely nonpharmacological ones, made during 3 years suggests that the prevalence of the major CHD risk factors may be reduced in the population.

[Chronic altitude-induced pulmonary heart disease and the status of the adrenergic receptor system].

Clinical and functional features and status of the adrenoceptor system were studied in 182 mountaineers. With progressing right ventricular hypertrophy, the subjects were found to have elevated pulmonary blood pressure, increased anterior wall thickness of the right ventricle, decreased receptor densities on the surface of a cell, higher beta-receptor affinity and beta-adrenoceptor-adenylatecyclase complex dissociation.

[Nutrition and the incidence of ischemic heart disease and risk factor for its occurrence among men 20-59 years of age depending on their ethnic group affiliation].

The epidemiological investigation of males aged 20-59 years, conducted in Frunze, has shown a rather high incidence rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its risk factors among them, the nutrition being related with the incidence of CHD and its risk factors. The character of nutrition is distinctly associated with differences in the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia among the indigenous and nonindigenous population.

[Study of the age dynamics of nutritional indicators and blood lipids in connection with the incidence of ischemic heart disease in the male population of Frunze].

Epidemiological investigation of males aged 20-59 years in Frunze has shown atherogenic tendency of age dynamics of blood lipid level. The character of the nutrition of the population studied proved to be as a whole atherogenic due to imbalance with respect to the main food substances. The shifts detected in the parameters of nutrition and blood lipids correlate well with rather high incidence of coronary heart disease among the population investigated.

[Blood lipid levels and the nature of the nutrition of 40- to 59-year-old men in the city of Frunze in relation to their ethnic classification].

The relationship between the nutrition character and blood lipid parameters was studied in a male population aged 40-59 years in Frunze. It was established that the levels of total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the natives were lower, while those of triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol higher than in the nonnatives. At the same time the correlation values of atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins in the comparable groups were equally high.

[Cardiac rhythm disorders in patients with chronic cor pulmonale].

Continuous ECG monitoring for many hours combined with echocardiography of the right heart, and determination of systolic pulmonary arterial blood pressure (by Burstin's test) and oxygen saturation of arterial blood were conducted in 68 patients with chronic pulmonary heart resulting from chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases and 18 normal subjects, aged 30-50 years. Three degrees of right-ventricular hypertrophy have been identified on the basis of the electrocardiographic Minnesota code criteria, confirmed echocardiographically. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias increased dramatically as hypertrophy progressed.

[Right-side hypertrophic cardiomyopathies].

A complex of clinicoinstrumental methods (two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, etc.) was used for the detection of right heart hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (RHHCMP) (52 patients aged 16 to 67). Right heart local apical HCMP (20 patients) was characterized by regional hypertrophy (1.

[Nutrition, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and risk factors of its development in men aged 40-49 years in the city of Frunze in relation to ethnic groups].

An epidemiological survey was conducted among men aged 40 to 59 to study interrelationships of the nutritional patterns in 2 ethnic groups of population and the prevalence of CHD and risk factors of its development. The nutritional habits of the indigenous Kirghiz population in the city of Frunze differed significantly from those of the alien population (Russians, Ukrainians, etc.) and were characterized by a higher consumption of proteins and complex carbohydrates.

[Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and risk factors for its occurrence among 20- to 54-year-old men depending upon the nature of their work activity].

Results of a horizontal epidemiologic study of an unorganized population of males, aged 20 to 54 years, in Frunze, Kirghizia, are reported. The incidence of coronary heart disease and risk factors is examined with respect to age. The prevalence of coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia is shown to be similar in mental and manual workers.