Toxicokinetic insights into distinct mechanisms of action of two thyroid toxicants: Propylthiouracil and pregnenolone 16α‑carbonitrile.

Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for metabolic regulation and brain development. Disruptions in TH homeostasis, especially during fetal development, can lead to irreversible neurodevelopmental impairments. Thyroid hormone system-disrupting chemicals (THSDCs), are of growing concern for human health due to their potential to interfere with TH signaling.

Quantitative analysis of creatine monohydrate using near-infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging combined with multi-model fusion and data fusion strategies.

Creatine monohydrate is an important sports nutrition supplement that enhances energy and promotes muscle growth. Recent concerns about the quality and authenticity of creatine monohydrate have highlighted the urgent need for rapid and cost-effective assessment methods. This study presents a new approach for assessing the quality of creatine monohydrate using spectroscopy combined with machine learning.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves cognitive decline by alleviating intradialytic cerebral hypoxia in hemodialysis patients: A fNIRS pilot study.

Cognitive impairment is common in hemodialysis patients, possibly due to inadequate cerebral blood flow during hemodialysis. No effective non-pharmacological interventions are available. This study investigates the impact of hemodialysis-induced cerebral hypoxia on cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients and the potential of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a non-pharmacological intervention.

Glial cells improve Parkinson's disease by modulating neuronal function and regulating neuronal ferroptosis.

The main characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and abnormal aggregation of cytosolic proteins. However, the exact pathogenesis of PD remains unclear, with ferroptosis emerging as one of the key factors driven by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, serve as supportive cells in the central nervous system (CNS), but their abnormal activation can lead to DA neuron death and ferroptosis.

Ailanthone disturbs cross-talk between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages via HIF1-α/LINC01956/FUS/β-catenin signaling pathway in glioblastoma.

Background: An increasing number of studies have focused on ailanthone (aila) due to its antitumor activity. However, the role of ailanthone in glioblastoma(GBM) has not been investigated before. This study aims to explore the biological function and the underlying mechanism of ailanthone in GBM.

PTH-dependent stabilization of RANKL mRNA is associated with increased phosphorylation of the KH-type splicing regulatory protein.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonists promote bone formation but also increase osteoclastogenesis, in part by increasing expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). In addition to activation of transcription, regulation of mRNA stability is another important molecular mechanism controlling mRNA abundance. PTH treatment for 6 h resulted in a 7.

Fractionated irradiation promotes radioresistance and decreases oxidative stress by increasing Nrf2 of ALDH-positive nasopharyngeal cancer stem cells.

Radiotherapy is widely regarded as the primary therapeutic modality for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Studies have shown that cancer cells with high resistance to radiation, known as radioresistant cancer cells, may cause residual illness, which in turn might contribute to the occurrence of cancer recurrence and metastasis. It has been shown that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) exhibit resistance to radiation therapy.

Single-Atom Fe-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling to Quinolines.

A single-atom iron catalyst was found to exhibit exceptional reactivity in acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling for quinoline synthesis, outperforming known homogeneous and nanocatalyst systems. Detailed characterizations, including aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM, XANES, and EXAFS, jointly confirmed the presence of atomically dispersed iron centers. Various functionalized quinolines were efficiently synthesized from different amino alcohols and a range of ketones or alcohols.

Moxibustion improves motor function by down-regulating SNX5 and inhibiting ferroptosis in neurons of corpus striatum in mice with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To explore the effect of moxibustion on the expression of sorting nexin 5 (SNX5), glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) in the corpus striatum in mice with Parkinson's disease (PD), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of PD by ameliorating ferroptosis in the substantia nigra striatum.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal, sham operation, model, and moxibustion groups, with 10 mice in each group. The PD model was established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (3.

Response of sediment microbial communities to the flow effect of the triangular artificial reef: A simulation-based experimental study.

Artificial reefs (ARs), as an important tool for habitat restoration, play significant impacts on benthic microbial ecosystems. This study utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation to investigate the effects of flow field distribution around ARs on microbial community structure. The results revealed distinct regional distribution patterns of microbial communities affected by different hydrodynamic conditions.

DNA vaccine prime and replicating vaccinia vaccine boost induce robust humoral and cellular immune responses against MERS-CoV in mice.

As of December 2022, 2603 laboratory-identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections and 935 associated deaths, with a mortality rate of 36%, had been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). However, there are still no vaccines for MERS-CoV, which makes the prevention and control of MERS-CoV difficult. In this study, we generated two DNA vaccine candidates by integrating MERS-CoV Spike (S) gene into a replicating Vaccinia Tian Tan (VTT) vector.

Amino acid substitution of the membrane-proximal external region alter neutralization sensitivity in a chronic HIV-1 clade B infected patient.

The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) represents a highly conserved region of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein (env) targeted by several broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). In this study, we employed single genome amplification to amplify 34 full-length env sequences from the 2005 plasma sample of CBJC504, a chronic HIV-1 clade B infected individual. We identified three amino acid changes (N671S, D674N, and K677R) in the MPER.

A near-zero quiescent power breeze wake-up anemometer based on a rolling-bearing triboelectric nanogenerator.

Wind sensors have always played an irreplaceable role in environmental information monitoring and are expected to operate with lower power consumption to extend service lifetime. Here, we propose a breeze wake-up anemometer (B-WA) based on a rolling-bearing triboelectric nanogenerator (RB-TENG) with extremely low static power. The B-WA consists of two RB-TENGs, a self-waking-up module (SWM), a signal processing module (SPM), and a wireless transmission unit.

Mitofusin 2 plays a critical role in maintaining the functional integrity of the neuromuscular-skeletal axis.

Purpose: Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is one of two mitofusins involved in regulating mitochondrial size, shape and function, including mitophagy, an important cellular mechanism to limit oxidative stress. Reduced expression of Mfn2 has been associated with impaired osteoblast differentiation and function and a reduction in the number of viable osteocytes in bone. We hypothesized that the genetic absence of Mfn2 in these cells would increase their susceptibility to aging-associated metabolic stress, leading to a progressive impairment in skeletal homeostasis over time.

Evaluation of monolithic crystal detector with dual-ended readout utilizing multiplexing method.

Monolithic crystal detectors are increasingly being applied in positron emission tomography (PET) devices owing to their excellent depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution capabilities and high detection efficiency. In this study, we constructed and evaluated a dual-ended readout monolithic crystal detector based on a multiplexing method.We employed two 12 × 12 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays for readout, and the signals from the 12 × 12 array were merged into 12 X and 12 Y channels using channel multiplexing.

Dietary vitamin E intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Current evidence on the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited. The aim of the study was to explore the association of dietary vitamin E intake with PD in the United States among adults over 40 years.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with data collected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018.

Engineered Dynamic Hydrogel Niches for the Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Osteoporosis and Degenerative Endocrine Diseases.

Osteoporosis and degenerative endocrine diseases are some of the major causes of disability in the elderly. The feedback loop in the endocrine system works to control the release of hormones and maintain the homeostasis of metabolism, thereby regulating the function of target organs. The breakdown of this feedback loop results in various endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as osteoporosis, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc.

Sequential heterologous immunization with COVID-19 vaccines induces broader neutralizing responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants in comparison with homologous boosters.

The recently prevalent variants of concerns (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 belong to Omicron variants which display increased transmissibility and evade from immune protection generated by vaccines and/or natural infections. Better immunization strategies should be explored to induce broader immune responses against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we used inactivated vaccines derived from ancestral (Wu), Delta (Del) and Omicron (Omi) strains to immunize mice with homologous booster (3 × Wu, 3 × Del and 3 × Omi) or heterologous sequential booster (Wu/Del/Omi and Omi/Wu/Del) to evaluate their responses against two pre-Omicron (Wu and Del) and four Omicron variants.

Moxibustion treatment for Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and seriously affects quality of life globally. Moxibustion is widely used to treat neurodegenerative diseases in the clinic and has achieved a beneficial clinical effect. However, strict control and high-quality randomized controlled trials are still lacking.

Dynamics of a delayed reaction-diffusion predator-prey model with the effect of the toxins.

In this study, we investigate a delayed reaction-diffusion predator-prey system with the effect of toxins. We first investigate whether the internal equilibrium exists. We then provide certain requirements for the presence of Turing and Hopf bifurcations by examining the corresponding characteristic equation.