Development of a Mitochondria-Targeted Ruthenium(II)-Based Phosphorescent Probe for Hypochlorite Detection in Acute Inflammatory Model.

The uncontrolled acute inflammatory response triggers dysregulation of the immunoinflammatory system, contributing to the development and progression of various acute inflammatory diseases (AIDs). Hypochlorite (ClO), as a crucial oxidative mediator in AIDs, accumulates in the inflammatory environment, leading to direct cytotoxicity, secondary injury, and tissue dysfunction. However, achieving rapid detection, accurate tracking, monitoring, and real-time imaging of ClO remains a significant challenge.

Protocol for multiplexed RNAscope-based imaging of mRNAs in whole-mount adult Drosophila brains.

Visualizing the expression of mRNAs using traditional in situ hybridization is often hampered by obstacles including weak signal, high background, and poor probe specificity. Here, we present a protocol utilizing RNAscope (ACD) to overcome these obstacles and detect multiple types of mRNAs simultaneously in whole-mount adult Drosophila brains. We further describe how mRNAs can be reliably quantified in any cells that can be targeted by common binary expression systems such as Gal4/UAS and labeled by immunohistochemistry.

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends and Epidemiological Characteristics of Isolates from Intra-Abdominal Infections in China: A 6-Year Retrospective Study (2017-2022).

Antimicrobial resistance represents a continuing threat to the health of patients with intra-abdominal infections (IAIs). This study aimed to provide clinicians with guidance to optimize antibiotic therapy. The clinical data and antibiotic susceptibility results of pathogens from patients with IAIs from 2017 to 2022 were retrospectively collected.

Long-term alterations of nutrient dynamics and phytoplankton communities in Daya Bay, South China Sea.

Dynamics of phytoplankton in coastal waters is a function of nutrient influx and the present study investigated the trend in nutrient dynamics and phytoplankton abundance of Daya Bay (DB), South China Sea, from 1986 to 2020. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) and Silicates were measured. DIN concentration exhibited an increasing trend over the last decades, and it was above the threshold for the phytoplankton growth.

Ecophysiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses shed light on the response mechanism of Bruguiera gymnorhiza to upwelling stress.

Mangroves, due to their unique habitats, endure dual stressors from land to ocean and ocean to land directions. While extensive researches have been conducted on land-ocean stressors, studies on ocean-land stressors like upwelling are considerably scarce. In this study, ecophysiological, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses were conducted to determine the responses of mangrove plant (Bruguiera gymnorhiza, B.

Single immunization of non-adjuvanted recombinant TTFC-mi3 nanoparticle vaccine elicited a rapid and potent protective immunity against tetanus.

The conventional inactivated tetanus toxin plays an instrumental role in preventing tetanus. Nevertheless, the challenges associated with its production process, the potential for adverse reactions, and reduced effectiveness in vulnerable populations such as neonates and the elderly rise the need for a novel tetanus toxin vaccine. Recombinant subunit vaccine offer a viable solution, and the tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) is emerging as a promising candidate.

Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Patients with Bloodstream Infections Caused by KPC and NDM Co-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant .

Purpose: carbapenemase (KPC) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) co-producing carbapenem-resistant (KPC-NDM-CRKP) isolates have been increasingly reported worldwide but have not yet been systematically studied. Thus, we have conducted a study to compare the risk factors, molecular characteristics, and mortality involved in clinical bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by KPC-NDM-CRKP and KPC-CRKP strains.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 231 patients with BSIs caused by CRKP at Jinling Hospital in China from January 2020 to December 2022.

Timeless noncoding DNA contains cell-type preferential enhancers important for proper Drosophila circadian regulation.

To address the contribution of transcriptional regulation to clock gene expression and to behavior, we generated a series of CRISPR-mediated deletions within two regions of the circadian gene (), an intronic E-box region and an upstream E-box region that are both recognized by the key transcription factor Clock (Clk) and its heterodimeric partner Cycle. The upstream deletions but not an intronic deletion dramatically impact expression in fly heads; the biggest upstream deletion reduces peak RNA levels and RNA cycling amplitude to about 15% of normal, and there are similar effects on protein (TIM). The cycling amplitude of other clock genes is also strongly reduced, in these cases due to increases in trough levels.

Characterizing the dynamic learning process: Implications of a quantitative analysis.

Understanding the neural mechanisms involved in learning processes is crucial for unraveling the complexities of behavior and cognition. Sudden change from the untrained level to the fully-learned level is a pivotal feature of instrumental learning. However, the concept of change point and suitable methods to conveniently analyze the characteristics of sudden change in groups remain elusive, which might hinder a fuller understanding of the neural mechanism underlying dynamic leaning process.

Insights into the spatial distributions of bacteria, archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea communities in sediments of Daya Bay, northern South China Sea.

Microbe plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of the coastal waters. However, comprehensive information about the microbe in the gulf waters is lacking. This study employed high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to investigate the distribution patterns of bacterial, archaeal, ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB), and archaeal (AOA) communities in Daya Bay.

The HPA and SAM axis mediate the impairment of creativity under stress.

With the ever-changing social environment, individual creativity is facing a severe challenge induced by stress. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms by which acute stress affects creative cognitive processing. The current research explored the impacts of the neuroendocrine response on creativity under stress and its underlying cognitive flexibility mechanisms.

Senataxin helicase, the causal gene defect in ALS4, is a significant modifier of C9orf72 ALS G4C2 and arginine-containing dipeptide repeat toxicity.

Identifying genetic modifiers of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may reveal targets for therapeutic modulation with potential application to sporadic ALS. GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene underlie the most common form of familial ALS, and generate toxic arginine-containing dipeptide repeats (DPRs), which interfere with membraneless organelles, such as the nucleolus. Here we considered senataxin (SETX), the genetic cause of ALS4, as a modifier of C9orf72 ALS, because SETX is a nuclear helicase that may regulate RNA-protein interactions involved in ALS dysfunction.

Shifts in species dominance related to spatial assemblages and variation in environmental parameters in a tropical mangrove estuary.

A shift in species dominance in the mangrove microalgae community in Cross River Estuary System (CRES), Nigeria, was carried out during the wet season to highlight the microalgae structure, identify potential indicators, and evaluate the water quality variation. Plankton samples were collected at sixteen selected sampling sites along the river. Diatoms showed the highest number of species (240 species), contributing more than 70% of the total microalgae abundance.

Re-examining the role of the dorsal fan-shaped body in promoting sleep in Drosophila.

The needs fulfilled by sleep are unknown, though the effects of insufficient sleep are manifold. To better understand how the need to sleep is sensed and discharged, much effort has gone into identifying the neural circuits involved in regulating arousal, especially those that promote sleep. In prevailing models, the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) plays a central role in this process in the fly brain.

An Aquaporin Gene () Isolated from Mangrove Plant Had Enhanced Cold Tolerance of Transgenic .

Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential channel proteins that play central roles in maintaining water homeostasis. Here, a novel aquaporin gene, named , was cloned from the mangrove plant by RACE technology. The gene was 1404 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 852 bp, encoded with 283 amino acids.

Polymeric carbohydrates utilization separates microbiomes into niches: insights into the diversity of microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes in the inner shelf of the Pearl River Estuary, China.

Polymeric carbohydrates are abundant and their recycling by microbes is a key process of the ocean carbon cycle. A deeper analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) can offer a window into the mechanisms of microbial communities to degrade carbohydrates in the ocean. In this study, metagenomic genes encoding microbial CAZymes and sugar transporter systems were predicted to assess the microbial glycan niches and functional potentials of glycan utilization in the inner shelf of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE).

Identification of Risk Factors and Phenotypes of Surgical Site Infection in Patients After Abdominal Surgery.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the current incidence rate and risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after abdominal surgery in China and to further demonstrate the clinical features of patients with SSI.

Background: Contemporary epidemiology and clinical features of SSI after abdominal surgery remain poorly characterized.

Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022; the study included patients who underwent abdominal surgery at 42 hospitals in China.

Inputs to the Sleep Homeostat Originate Outside the Brain.

The need to sleep is sensed and discharged in a poorly understood process that is homeostatically controlled over time. In flies, different contributions to this process have been attributed to peripheral ppk and central brain neurons, with the former serving as hypothetical inputs to the sleep homeostat and the latter reportedly serving as the homeostat itself. Here we re-evaluate these distinctions in light of new findings using female flies.

Striatal D2: Where habits and newly learned actions meet.

Smith et al. in Nature Communications, 12, 5121, (2021) provided evidence to challenge the simple dichotomy that learning of actions and expression of habitual behaviors are processed separately in dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) by demonstrating that D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in anterior DLS could modulate newly learned action, except for its involvement in the expression of habitual actions. Here we review recent advances and introduce a valuable addition to the traditional hypothesis by taking into account the common ligand of D1 and D2 neurons, dopamine.

Acute cannabinoids impair association learning via selectively enhancing synaptic transmission in striatonigral neurons.

Background: Cannabinoids and their derivatives attract strong interest due to the tremendous potential of their psychoactive effects for treating psychiatric disorders and symptoms. However, their clinical application is restricted by various side-effects such as impaired coordination, anxiety, and learning and memory disability. Adverse impact on dorsal striatum-dependent learning is an important side-effect of cannabinoids.

Effect of THz spectra of L-Arginine molecules by the combination of water molecules.

Most biomolecules are biologically active only in water; hence, it is worth investigating whether THz spectra of biomolecules are affected by the combination of water molecules and biomolecules. In this report, by combining the sample cell with the THz-TDS system, the THz spectra of L-Arginine crystal as well as its hydrate and aqueous solution are measured. The experimental results show that L-Arginine crystal and its hydrate share the same three absorption peaks at 0.

Transcranial direct current stimulation of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex eliminates creativity impairment induced by acute stress.

The creativity impairment under acute stress may be closely related to the down-regulation of the prefrontal cortex function caused by stress-related neurotransmitters and hormones. In the current study, we explored whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) eliminated stress-induced creativity impairment and the potential mechanism from the perspective of stress response recovery. Seventy participants were randomly allocated to a group undergoing the activation of right DLPFC and the deactivation of left DLPFC (R+L-; N = 35), and a group of sham stimulation (sham; N = 35).

Unbalanced Regulation of α7 nAChRs by Ly6h and NACHO Contributes to Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease.

α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely expressed in the brain where they promote fast cholinergic synaptic transmission and serve important neuromodulatory functions. However, their high permeability to Ca also predisposes them to contribute to disease states. Here, using transfected HEK-tsa cells and primary cultured hippocampal neurons from male and female rats, we demonstrate that two proteins called Ly6h and NACHO compete for access to α7 subunits, operating together but in opposition to maintain α7 assembly and activity within a narrow range that is optimal for neuronal function and viability.