Enhancement of Dendrobine Production by CRISPR/Act3.0-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of Multiple Endogenous Genes in Plants.

Dendrobine, a significant medicinal compound, typically accumulates at low concentrations within several species, including , , and . As and are established ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine and have been cultivated extensively, they present ideal plant chassis for upscaling dendrobine production for industrial and research applications. This study employed two approaches: the ectopic overexpression of seven genes through multigene stacking and the activation of multiple key endogenous genes in the dendrobine synthesis pathway using CRISPR/Act3.

Shear-Wave Elastography Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Chronic Kidney Disease Compared to Conventional Ultrasound.

Purpose: Non-invasive tests are increasingly demanded for diagnosing and prognostication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Shear-wave elastography (SWE), an emerging technique for measuring tissue stiffness, shows promise for distinguishing between individuals with different stages of renal fibrosis. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional SWE (2D-SWE) and conventional ultrasound for detecting CKD, employing renal biopsy as the gold standard.

Review of the Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites (2018-2023).

are significant medicinal and edible mushrooms within Basidiomycota. Known for their various medicinal properties such as anti-tumor, immune regulation, and antioxidant effects, they are regarded worldwide as health foods of the 21st century. species produce various types of secondary metabolites, which have been extensively studied by the scientific community.

Tet1-mediated activation of the Ampk signaling by Trpv1 DNA hydroxymethylation exerts neuroprotective effects in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Epigenetic regulation plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD), and ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) catalyzes the first step in DNA demethylation by converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. We investigated whether TET1 binds to the promoter of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and regulates its expression, thereby controlling oxidative stress in PD. TRPV1 was identified as an oxidative stress-associated gene in the GSE20186 dataset including substantia nigra from 14 patients with PD and 14 healthy controls and the Genecards database.

First Report of Powdery mildew caused by on in Guangdong Province, China.

Bidens pilosa L., an annual herbaceous plant with a wide distribution, possesses novel medicinal properties. In January 2021, a powdery mildew disease outbreak was documented on B.

Association between single and multiple cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults: A prospective, nationwide cohort study.

Background And Aim: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are leading causes of death and disability, but little is known about the additive mortality effects of multiple CMDs. This study aimed to examine the association between single and multiple CMDs and all-cause mortality among older Chinese population.

Methods And Results: Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database, we analyzed data from 2008 to 2018 to assess the relationship between CMDs and mortality.

FOXA1 Suppresses Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease by Activating PON2 Transcription.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress (OS) are often related states in pathological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates the role of anti-oxidant protein paraoxonase 2 (PON2) in ER stress and OS in PD, along with its regulatory molecule. PD was induced in C57BL/6 mice using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP) treatment and in SH-SY5Y cells using 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium.

MIR396-GRF/GIF enhances in planta shoot regeneration of Dendrobium catenatum.

Recent studies on co-transformation of the growth regulator, TaGRF4-GIF1 chimera (Growth Regulating Factor 4-GRF Interacting Factor 1), in cultivated wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum), showed improved regeneration efficiency, marking a significant breakthrough. Here, a simple and reproducible protocol using the GRF4-GIF1 chimera was established and tested in the medicinal orchid Dendrobium catenatum, a monocot orchid species. TaGRF4-GIF1 from T.

Quercetin promotes the proportion and maturation of NK cells by binding to MYH9 and improves cognitive functions in aged mice.

Background: Quercetin is a flavonol compound widely distributed in plants that possesses diverse biological properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and senescent cell-clearing activities. It has been shown to effectively alleviate neurodegenerative diseases and enhance cognitive functions in various models. The immune system has been implicated in the regulation of brain function and cognitive abilities.

Metabolic Pathway Engineering Improves Dendrobine Production in .

The sesquiterpene alkaloid dendrobine, widely recognized as the main active compound and a quality control standard of medicinal orchids in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, demonstrates diverse biological functions. In this study, we engineered as a chassis plant for the production of dendrobine through the screening and pyramiding of key biosynthesis genes. Initially, previously predicted upstream key genes in the methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for dendrobine synthesis, including (), (), (), and (), and a few downstream post-modification genes, including (), (), and (), were chosen due to their deduced roles in enhancing dendrobine production.

Promoting Photosynthetic Production of Dammarenediol-II in via Gene Loading and Culture Optimization.

Ginsenosides are major bioactive compounds found in that exhibit various pharmaceutical properties. Dammarenediol-II, the nucleus of dammarane-type ginsenosides, is a promising candidate for pharmacologically active triterpenes. Dammarenediol-II synthase (DDS) cyclizes 2,3-oxidosqualene to produce dammarenediol-II.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of active ingredients related β-Glucosidases in Dendrobium catenatum.

Background: Dendrobium catenatum/D. officinale (here after D. catenatum), a well-known economically important traditional medicinal herb, produces a variety of bioactive metabolites including polysaccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids with excellent pharmacological and clinical values.

An ortholog of the MADS-box gene SEPALLATA3 regulates stamen development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas.

Overexpression of JcSEP3 causes defective stamen development in Jatropha curcas, in which brassinosteroid and gibberellin signaling pathways may be involved. SEPALLATAs (SEPs), the class E genes of the ABCE model, are required for floral organ determination. In this study, we investigated the role of the JcSEP3 gene in floral organ development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas.

Silencing of the Ortholog of Gene in the Woody Perennial Alters Flower and Fruit Development.

DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1), a phospholipase A1, utilizes galactolipids (18:3) to generate α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in . In this study, we isolated the gene, an ortholog of in , and found that it is mainly expressed in the stems, roots, and male flowers of . -RNAi transgenic plants with low endogenous jasmonate levels in inflorescences exhibited more and larger flowers, as well as a few abortive female flowers, although anther and pollen development were normal.

Gigantol Attenuates the Metastasis of Human Bladder Cancer Cells, Possibly Through Wnt/EMT Signaling.

Background: Bladder cancer has long been recognized as one of the most common and aggressive human malignant carcinomas due to the increased invasiveness and metastasis. The discovery and development of natural compounds from species for cancer therapy have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Among those natural elements, the bibenzyl compound gigantol has promising therapeutic potential against several cancer cell lines; however, its roles on bladder tumor metastasis have not been investigated.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of gynoecious and monoecious inflorescences reveals regulators involved in male flower development in the woody perennial plant Jatropha curcas.

ABCE model genes along with genes related to GA biosynthesis and auxin signalling may play significant roles in male flower development in Jatropha curcas. Flowering plants exhibit extreme reproductive diversity. Jatropha curcas, a woody plant that is promising for biofuel production, is monoecious.

[Positive rate and accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology for detecting suspected thyroid carcinoma nodules of different sizes].

Objective: To analyze the accuracy and positive rate of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) cytology for detecting suspected thyroid cancer nodules of different sizes.

Methods: A total of 591 patients with 594 suspected malignant thyroid nodules received examinations with US-FNA cytology. Based on their size, the nodules were divided into group I (4-5 mm), group II (6-10 mm), group III (>10 mm).

Transcriptomic Landscape of Medicinal Reveals Genes Associated With the Biosynthesis of Bioactive Components.

Many plants of genus are precious traditional herbs with high commercial value and excellent medicinal effects. They are perennial aerophytes or epiphytes of terrestrial orchids growing on cliffs and tree trunks covered with mosses in forests throughout the tropical and subtropical Asia and eastern Australia. The stem contains a variety of bioactive components, including polysaccharides and alkaloids, with strong antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects.