TransCon IL-2 β/γ: a novel long-acting prodrug with sustained release of an IL-2Rβ/γ-selective IL-2 variant with improved pharmacokinetics and potent activation of cytotoxic immune cells for the treatment of cancer.

Background: Recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2, aldesleukin) is an approved cancer immunotherapy but causes severe toxicities including cytokine storm and vascular leak syndrome (VLS). IL-2 promotes antitumor function of IL-2Rβ/γ natural killer (NK) cells and CD8, CD4 and gamma delta (γδ) T cells. However, IL-2 also potently activates immunosuppressive IL-2Rα regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-2Rα eosinophils and endothelial cells, which may promote VLS.

The Role of Mass Spectrometry in the Discovery of Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms: Proteomics and Metabolomics Approaches.

The abuse and incorrect administration of antibiotics has resulted in an increased proliferation of bacteria that exhibit drug resistance. The emergence of resistant bacteria has become one of the biggest health concerns globally, and an enormous effort has been made to combat them. However, despite the efforts, the emergence of resistant strains is rapidly increasing, while the discovery of new classes of antibiotics has lagged.