Selective utilization of gluco-oligosaccharides by lactobacilli: A mechanism study revealing the impact of glycosidic linkages and degree of polymerization on their utilization.

Gluco-oligosaccharides (GlcOS) are potential prebiotics that positively modulate beneficial gut commensals like lactobacilli. For the rational design of GlcOS as prebiotics or combined with lactobacilli as synbiotics, it is important to establish the structure requirements of GlcOS and specificity toward lactobacilli. Herein, the utilization of 10 GlcOS with varied degrees of polymerization (DP) and glycosidic linkages by 7 lactobacilli strains (Levilactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287, Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lentilactobacillus buchneri ATCC 4005, Limosilactobacillus fermentum FUA 3589, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1, and Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323) was studied.

The effect of letrozole overlapped with gonadotropin on IVF outcomes in women with DOR or aged over 40 years old with repeated cycles.

Background: Evaluating the efficacy of letrozole overlapped with gonadotropin-modified letrozole protocol (mLP) for diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) or advanced-age women with repeated cycles.

Methods: This is a retrospectively registered, paired-match study including 243 women with DOR and 249 women aged over 40 years old who received in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. 123 women received stimulation with mLP (mLP group).

Gluco-oligosaccharides as potential prebiotics: Synthesis, purification, structural characterization, and evaluation of prebiotic effect.

Prebiotics have long been used to modulate the gut microbiota and improve host health. Most established prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates, especially short-chain oligosaccharides. Recently, gluco-oligosaccharides (GlcOS) with 2-10 glucose residues and one or more O-glycosidic linkage(s) have been found to exert prebiotic potentials (not fully established prebiotics) because of their selective fermentation by beneficial gut bacteria.

Facile and efficient chemical synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides (GlcOS) with diverse glycosidic linkages as potential prebiotics to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria.

Glucose-based short-chain oligosaccharides (gluco-oligosaccharides, GlcOS) have been established as functional food ingredients with health-promoting properties. Currently, GlcOS (e.g.

Nonionic surfactants enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by reducing cellulase deactivation caused by shear force and air-liquid interface.

Effects of nonionic surfactants on enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel at different agitation rates and solid loadings and the mechanism were studied. Nonionic surfactants couldn't improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency at 0 and 100rpm but could enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis significantly at high agitation rate (200 and 250rpm). Cellulase was easily deactivated at high agitation rate and the addition of nonionic surfactants can protect against the shear-induced deactivation, especially when the cellulase concentration was low.

Using temperature-responsive zwitterionic surfactant to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and recover cellulase by cooling.

Some zwitterionic surfactants exhibit upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in aqueous solutions. For the zwitterionic surfactant solution mixed with cellulase, when its temperature is below UCST, the cellulase can be recovered by coprecipitation with zwitterionic surfactant. In this work, 3-(Hexadecyldimethylammonio) propanesulfonate (SB3-16) was selected to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and recover the cellulase.

Using polyvinylpyrrolidone to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses by reducing the cellulase non-productive adsorption on lignin.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is an antifouling polymer to resist the adsorption of protein on solid surface. Effects of PVP on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocelluloses and its mechanism were studied. Adding 1g/L of PVP8000, the enzymatic digestibility of eucalyptus pretreated by dilute acid (Eu-DA) was increased from 28.