Neuregulin-4 protects cardiomyocytes against high-glucose-induced ferroptosis via the AMPK/NRF2 signalling pathway.

Background: High glucose levels are key factors and key contributors to several cardiovascular diseases associated with cardiomyocyte injury. Ferroptosis, which was identified in recent years, is a mode of cell death caused by the iron-mediated accumulation of lipid peroxides. Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4) is an adipokine that has protective effects against metabolic disorders and insulin resistance.

An EMC-Hpo-Yki axis maintains intestinal homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions.

Balanced control of stem cell proliferation and differentiation underlines tissue homeostasis. Disruption of tissue homeostasis often results in many diseases. However, how endogenous factors influence the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions remains poorly understood.

A feedforward loop between JAK/STAT downstream target p115 and STAT in germline stem cells.

The maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs) is essential for tissue homeostasis. JAK/STAT signaling maintains GSC fate in Drosophila testis. However, how JAK/STAT signaling maintains male GSC fate through its downstream targets remains poorly understood.

Speckle-tracking echocardiography provides sensitive measurements of subtle early alterations associated with cardiac dysfunction in T2DM rats.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy results in cardiac structural and functional abnormalities. Previous studies have demonstrated that inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway increases the injury resistance of cardiomyocytes. The early detection of cardiac structural and functional alterations may facilitate an improved understanding of the pathophysiologic progress and guide therapy.

The Yun/Prohibitin complex regulates adult intestinal stem cell proliferation through the transcription factor E2F1.

Stem cells constantly divide and differentiate to maintain adult tissue homeostasis, and uncontrolled stem cell proliferation leads to severe diseases such as cancer. How stem cell proliferation is precisely controlled remains poorly understood. Here, from an RNA interference (RNAi) screen in adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs), we identify a factor, Yun, required for proliferation of normal and transformed ISCs.

[Design and verification of microelectrode twisting machine].

As an interface between external electronic devices and internal neural nuclei, microelectrodes play an important role in many fields, such as animal robots, deep brain stimulation and neural prostheses. Aiming at the problem of high price and complicated fabrication process of microelectrode, a microelectrode twisting machine based on open source electronic prototyping platform (Arduino) and three-dimensional printing technology was proposed, and its microelectrode fabrication performance and neural stimulation performance were verified. The results show that during the fabrication of microelectrodes, the number of positive twisting turns of the electrode wire should generally be set to about 1.

Wildtype adult stem cells, unlike tumor cells, are resistant to cellular damages in Drosophila.

Adult stem cells or residential progenitor cells are critical to maintain the structure and function of adult tissues (homeostasis) throughout the lifetime of an individual. Mis-regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation often leads to diseases including cancer, however, how wildtype adult stem cells and cancer cells respond to cellular damages remains unclear. We find that in the adult Drosophila midgut, intestinal stem cells (ISCs), unlike tumor intestinal cells, are resistant to various cellular damages.

Remnant-like lipoproteins may accelerate endothelial progenitor cells senescence through inhibiting telomerase activity via the reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway.

Background: We previously found that remnant-like lipoproteins (RLPs), lipolytic products of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins including very low-density lipoprotein and chylomicron, can accelerate endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) senescence, which involves telomerase activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RLPs on telomerase activity and the catalytic subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in EPCs and the associated signal pathway.

Methods: RLPs were prepared from plasma samples by the immunoaffinity method.

[Optimization of extraction conditions for semi-bionic extraction of Guizhi Fuling pill decoction by uniform design].

Objective: To optimize the extraction conditions for semi-bionic extraction of Guizhi Fuling pill decoction.

Method: The best extraction condition of the semi-bionic extraction for Guizhi Fuling pill decoction was optimized by uniform design was optimized with paeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, laetrile, pachymic acid, total polysaccharose and dry extract as the indexes.

Result: The optimized extraction condition is that extracting for 3 times with solvent pH values of 4.