How Colloidal Lithography Limits the Optical Quality of Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays.

Colloidal lithography utilizes self-assembled particle monolayers as lithographic masks to fabricate arrays of nanostructures by combination of directed evaporation and etching steps. This process provides complex nanostructures over macroscopic areas in a simple, convenient, and parallel fashion without requiring clean-room infrastructure and specialized equipment. The appeal of the method comes at the price of imperfections impairing the optical quality, especially for arrayed nanostructures relying on well-ordered lattices.

Family Socioeconomic Status and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children: The Mediating Role of Executive Function.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in preschool children and the mediating role of executive function (EF). A total of 361 parents of preschool children were surveyed using the self-reported Family Situation Questionnaire, the Child Executive Functioning Inventory, and the Child Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The results revealed that (1) there were significant pairwise correlations between SES, EF and its dimensions, and ADHD, except for a non-significant correlation between SES and regulation ability; (2) after controlling for preschool children's age and sex, SES directly predicted preschoolers' ADHD and EF partially mediated the association between SES and ADHD; and (3) among the EF dimensions, working memory and inhibitory ability significantly mediated the association between SES and ADHD, whereas the mediating effect of regulatory ability was not significant.

The Short-Term Impact of Animation on the Executive Function of Children Aged 4 to 7.

Research has shown that animation plays an important role in the development of children's executive function (EF), and the development of EF components, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, is asynchronous. Thus, this study explores the developmental trajectories and animation features (fantasy and pacing) that influence each EF component, by examining 218 children aged 4-7. Pretest information, mainly the childhood EF inventory, was provided by parents: child's age, age of first exposure to animation, animation viewing time on weekdays and weekends, family income, and parents' education.