Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway inflammation, airflow limitation, reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL), and exercise intolerance. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is essential for COPD management, but outcomes may be influenced by individual physiological factors. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) measures oxygen pulse (O2P), an indicator of stroke volume, yet the impact of baseline O2P on PR effectiveness remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a considerable impact on the global healthcare system. Individuals who have recovered from COVID often experience chronic respiratory symptoms that affect their daily lives. This study aimed to assess respiratory dynamics such as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and bronchodilator response in post-COVID patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Fiberglass has a larger aerodynamic diameter and is less likely to be inhaled into the lungs. Further, it will be cleared even if it is mechanically broken into smaller pieces and inhaled into the lungs. Fiberglass lung disease has been well documented if long term exposure but was thought reversible and would not cause severe diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Endotracheal tube (ETT) intubation is a life-saving procedure in patients with respiratory failure. However, the presence of an ETT can cause significant discomfort. A tracheostomy tube is used to administer a mechanical ventilator, resulting in a more stable airway and fewer serious injuries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComputational micro-spectrometers comprised of detector arrays and encoding structure arrays, such as on-chip Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity filters, have great potential in many in-situ applications owing to their compact size and snapshot imaging ability. Given manufacturing deviation and environmental influence are inevitable, easy and effective calibration for spectrometer is necessary, especially for in-situ applications. Currently calibration strategies based on iterative algorithms or neural networks require accurate measurements of pixel-level (spectral) encoding functions through monochromator or large amounts of standard samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objective: This study evaluated the predictive roles of hematologic inflammatory biomarkers including neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) for mortality in community-dwelling individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods: This longitudinal study extracted data of adults 40-79 years who had physician-diagnosed COPD from the United States (US) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. Cox regressions determined the associations between NPAR, NLR, ELR and their components, with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and mortality from chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD).
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often causes cardiopulmonary dysfunction, which deteriorates exercise capacity. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and echocardiography are common tools for evaluating cardiovascular function. No studies have analyzed the correlation between echocardiography-derived parameters and cardiopulmonary response during exercise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often have exercise intolerance. The prevalence of hypertension in COPD patients ranges from 39-51%, and β-blockers and amlodipine are commonly used drugs for these patients.
Objectives: We aimed to study the impact of β-blockers and amlodipine on cardiopulmonary responses during exercise.
When patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are hospitalized, the limited space for activity, disease itself causes fever, muscle aches, fatigue, respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation, or medications such as steroids or neuromuscular blocking can cause muscle dysfunction. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) should be arranged for these patients with COVID-19. However, the literature on early PR within 1 week of admission on patients with COVID-19 are limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaking advantage of broad response range and snap-shot operation mode, reconstructive spectrometers based on integrated frequency-modulation microstructure and computational techniques attract lots of attention. The key problems in reconstruction are sparse samplings related with the limited detectors and generalization ability due to data-driving principle. Here, we demonstrate abstractly a mid-infrared micro-spectrometer covering 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVanillyl alcohol is a precursor of vanillin, which is one of the most widely used flavor compounds. Currently, vanillyl alcohol biosynthesis still encounters the problem of low efficiency. In this study, coculture engineering was adopted to improve production efficiency of vanillyl alcohol in .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNuss surgery is effective in correcting pectus excavatum (PE), with a recurrence rate of 1.2-27%. Re-do surgery is successful but still has a 6% failure rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsthma is one of the major public health problems that imposes a great burden on societal, financial, and healthcare around the world. Asthma poorly affects the health-related quality of life and daily activities of patients. Treatment of asthma, including inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs), mainly aims to improve the lung function and reduce symptoms and exacerbations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The decision guild for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) application in acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients still needs to work out.
Methods: Adult patients with acute hypoxemic or hypercapnic respiratory failure were recruited and treated with NPPV or primary invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Patients' characteristic and clinical outcomes were recorded.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) causes significant mortality worldwide. Patients with chronic renal failure have an increased risk of developing lung cancer. NSCLC Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis (HD) often exhibit poor performance, and chemotherapy is generally contraindicated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lung adenocarcinoma is a common disease with a high mortality rate. Epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations are found in adenocarcinomas, and oral EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) show good responses. EGFR-TKI therapy eventually results in resistance, with the most common being T790M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and causes great mortality. ALI presents with overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, cell death, destruction of alveoli-endothelial barriers, and neutrophil infiltration in lung tissues. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules released from damaged cells due to infection, trauma, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and causes significant consequences. This observational study was conducted to investigate the progression of OSAS in pediatric patients with PWS, who had not undergone upper airway surgery, through a longitudinal follow-up of their annual polysomnography results. Annual body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, sleep efficiency and stages, central apnea index (CAI), obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI), and oxygen saturation nadir values were longitudinally analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease with an increased mortality rate in recent years, mainly caused by exposure to tobacco smoke. Regular physical activity is thought to diminish the risk of COPD exacerbation, while very few studies investigate the interaction between smoking and physical activity on COPD development. This study aims to investigate the association between smoking status, physical activity and prevalent COPD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pectus excavatum (PE) negatively impacts psychological function, but its effect on autonomic nervous system (ANS) function has not been investigated. We evaluated ANS function following postural changes in patients with PE.
Methods: The participants were 14 healthy men (control group) and 20 men with PE (study group).
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis
May 2022
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often involves the cardiopulmonary dysfunction that deteriorates health-related quality of life (HRQL) and exercise capacity. Work efficiency (WE) indicates the efficiency of overall oxygen consumption (VO) during exercise. This study investigated whether different WEs have different effects on pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute lung injury (ALI) is often characterized by severe lung inflammation and pulmonary edema with poor gas exchange and hypoxemia. Alveolar inflammation and water flooding are, in fact, notable features of ALI pathogenesis. The sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter isoform 1 (NKCC1), localized at the basolateral surface of the lung epithelium, drives water transport via back transport of Na and Cl to the alveolar air space.
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