Blocking ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation inhibits podocyte hypertrophy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) phosphorylation mediates the hypertrophic growth of kidney proximal tubule cells. However, the role of rpS6 phosphorylation in podocyte hypertrophy and podocyte loss during the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) remains undefined. Here, we examined rpS6 phosphorylation levels in kidney biopsy specimens from patients with FSGS and in podocytes from mouse kidneys with Adriamycin-induced FSGS.

Association of Bowman's capsule rupture with prognosis in patients with lupus nephritis.

Background And Objective: Lupus nephritis is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. The clinical and prognostic significance of Bowman's capsule rupture in patients with lupus nephritis is unknown.

Methods: One hundred eighty patients with lupus nephritis were enrolled in the study and the integrity of Bowman's capsule was assessed.

Advances in study on exosomes and their applications in kidney diseases.

Exosomes are in a size of 30-100 nm vesicles released by various cells, with a double-layered lipid membrane containing DNA, RNA, and protein. In the past, exosomes were considered to be molecular waste, and recently exosomes have been shown to be involved in many pathophysiological processes, including intercellular communication, immune response, nerve repair, and tumorigenesis. Exosomes are present in numerous body fluids, and urinary exosomes have been shown to be biomarkers of a variety of kidney diseases.

Acute major gastrointestinal bleeding caused by hookworm infection in a patient on warfarin therapy: A case report.

Rationale: The use of anticoagulants is a contributor to gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Most bleeding patients on anticoagulant therapy such as warfarin commonly have basic lesions existing in their GI mucosa.

Patient Concerns: We report a case of major GI bleeding following the use of anticoagulants in a patient with hookworm infection.

Hookworm Infection Caused Acute Intestinal Bleeding Diagnosed by Capsule: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Hookworm infections are rare causes of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a middle aged man with primary nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary embolism. During the treatment with steroids and anticoagulants, the patient presented acute massive hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract.

Cytokine profiles in peritoneal dialysis effluent predicts the peritoneal solute transport rate in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Cytokine profiles in peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) vary among patients of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), which may indicate the therapeutic efficiency of CAPD. We examined the cytokine profiles of PDE with stable CAPD and analyzed their relation with the peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR). The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was performed to evaluate peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) by calculating dialysate/plasma creatinine (D/P Cr).

HMGB1 Enhances the AGE-Induced Expression of CTGF and TGF-β via RAGE-Dependent Signaling in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells.

Background/aims: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induce epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) by promoting the two EMT regulators, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). However, the exact signaling mechanism remains largely unclear.

Methods: We investigated the promotion to high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells by AGE-BSA with quantitative PCR and western blot assay, and then determined the regulatory role of HMGB1 in the AGE-BSA-induced CTGF and TGF-β.

Risk factors for mortality in Chinese patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Objective: The intent of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and risk factors affecting mortality of the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in a single peritoneal dialysis (PD) center over a period of 10 years.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients on PD from June 2001 to June 2011. The clinical and biochemical data were collected from the medical records.

Construction of a CTGF and RFP-coexpressed renal tubular epithelial cell and its application on evaluation of CTGF-specific siRNAs on epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Objective: To construct a connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and red fluorescent protein (RFP)-coexpressed renal tubular epithelial cell that can be used to quantitatively evaluate the CTGF-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Methods: The CTGF and RFP coding sequences were linked with a "2A" peptide, cloned into an expressing vector, and the HK-C2AR cell clone, which could express CTGF and RFP, were selected from the HK-2 cells after the recombinant plasmid transfection. Then, the CTGF-induced EMT in this cell line was determined, to further determine the association of RFP fluorescence intensity with the CTGF expression or CTGF-induced EMT.

Functional and structural alterations of peritoneum and secretion of fibrotic cytokines in rats caused by high glucose peritoneal dialysis solutions.

Objective: To determine functional and structural alterations of peritoneum and fibrotic cytokines expression in peritoneal dialysis (PD) rats.

Methods: 28 Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats were randomly divided into four groups and dialyzed with various solutions daily for four weeks: (1) no solution (CON group), (2) 0.9% Saline solution (NS group), (3) 1.

Greater omentum folding in the open surgical placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters: a randomized controlled study and systemic review.

Background: Mechanical catheter dysfunction caused by omentum entrapment remains a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of omentum folding at the time of primary open catheter insertion.

Methods: From March 2008 to December 2012, a total of 67 PD subjects were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to receive either regular open insertion (ROI group, n = 33) or open insertion with omentum folding (OIOF group, n = 34).

[Placement of peritoneal catheters with the assistance of X-ray fluoroscopy].

Objective: To evaluate the value of X-ray fluoroscopy in preventing catheter dysfunction during catheterization of peritoneal dialysis.

Methods: A total of 168 patients with end-stage renal failure were nonrandomized into group A (the conventional catheterization group) and group B (the conventional catheterization + bedside fluoroscopy group). All patients were followed up for 1 year after the catheterization.

[Multi-frequency low-dose intravenous iron on oxidative stress in maintenance hemodialysis patients].

Objective: To investigate the effect of different intravenous iron treatment regimens on anemia and oxidative stress in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods: A total of 58 MHD patients were randomly divided into a multi-frequency low-dose intravenous iron group (iron sucrose 25 mg, twice a week for 8 weeks, n=19), a less-frequency regular-dose intravenous iron group (iron sucrose 100 mg, once every two weeks for 8 weeks, n=19), and a non-iron group (n=20). Another 20 healthy people served as a control group (n=20).

Enhancing effect of ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction on gene delivery into rat kidney via different administration routes.

Objective: To investigate the efficiency of β-galactosidase gene transfer into rat kidney with ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction via different injection routes.

Methods: A total of 25 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Four groups received a mixture of optison microbubbles (0.

Relationship between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and renal cancer in China.

Aim: To study the potential role of cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) polymorphisms in the risk of renal cell cancer in Chinese.

Methods: A total of 181 pathologically-proven renal cancers and 350 controls from the second Xiangya Hospital in Changsha were collected during the period from May 2007 to December 2010. CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms were genotyped using PCRRFLP.

[Stages of 3,547 patients with chronic kidney disease and relevant factor analysis].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and distribution of chronic kidney disease(CKD) in Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 3547 CKD patients (>or=14 years old) admitted to Second Xiangya Hospital for the 1st time from January 2003 to December 2008. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by using the MDRD equation abbreviated [eGFR=186.

Correlation between endothelin-1 and atherosclerosis in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Recent observations suggest that the atherosclerotic process may involve overexpression of ET-1, which could contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present report was to examine the possible association between carotid IMT and serum ET-1 level and ET-1 expression in the internal iliac artery (IIA) wall in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: Sixty-eight nondiabetic HD patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy normotensive controls participated in the study.

Role of mast cells, stem cell factor and protease-activated receptor-2 in tubulointerstitial lesions in IgA nephropathy.

Background: To elucidate the role of mast cells (MCs) in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial lesions in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), we investigated the number of MCs, serum stem cell factor (SCF), protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the kidney and the correlation between MC number, SCF, PAR-2, alpha-SMA and tubulointerstitial lesions in biopsy specimens and serum creatinine levels, urinary protein excretion in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with IgA nephropathy were enrolled in this study. Clinical parameters, such as serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion, were obtained from each patient at the time of biopsy.

Ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction enhances beta-galactosidase gene transfection and expression in HKCs.

Objective: To investigate the efficiency and safety of ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction in enhancing beta-galactosidase gene (beta-gal gene) transfer into human proximal tubular cells(HKCs).

Methods: beta-gal gene was transfected to HKCs as a mark gene with ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction. Cultured HKCs were grouped to receive the following 7 treatments respectively: ultrasound alone; microbubble alone; naked plasmid; ultrasound and plasmid; microbubble and plasmid; ultrasound, microbubble, and plasmid; and VigoFect and plasmid.

[Basic experimental and clinical research on peritoneal dialysis in the past 16 years].

To summarized the experiences from our basic experimental and clinical research on peritoneal dialysis. In the past 16 years, peritoneal fibrosis rat models and rabbit models of peritonitis were first established successfully in our laboratory in China. Peritoneal mesothelial cells were also separated and identificated.

Atherosclerosis is associated with plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in chronic haemodialysis patients.

Aim: The aim of the present report was to investigate the probable association of circulating levels of PAI-1 and expression of PAI-1 in internal iliac artery walls with atherosclerotic disease in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: Sixty-eight non-diabetic HD patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy normotensive controls participated in the study. Atherosclerotic disease in both groups was assessed by measuring intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score of the common carotid arteries using an ultrasound scanner.

[Transperitoneal transport of solute and IL-8 in dialysis-related peritonitis].

Objective: To study the changes in solute transperitoneal transport and the IL-8 level at different time phases in dialysis-related peritonitis so as to understand the mechanism of solute transperitoneal transport.

Methods: Forty-two New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three experimental groups (5 min, 24 h, and 48 h groups) and a control group. The rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis was created.