Comprehensive multi-omics analysis elucidates colchicine-induced toxicity mechanisms and unveils the therapeutic potential of MLN4924 and kinase inhibitors.

Colchicine is a widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of gout, familial Mediterranean fever and pericarditis, but its narrow therapeutic window presents a significant risk of severe toxicity. Despite its clinical relevance, the molecular mechanisms underlying colchicine's pharmacological effects and associated toxicity and explored potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate its adverse effects. We showed the colchicine's impact on cellular morphology in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and HeLa cells including cell rounding and detachment following 24 h of exposure that revealed pronounced cytotoxic effects.

Decoding the RNA viromes in shrew lungs along the eastern coast of China.

Shrews being insectivores, serve as natural reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic viruses, including the recently discovered Langya henipavirus (LayV) in China in 2018. It is crucial to understand the shrew-associated virome, viral diversity, and new viruses. In the current study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on lung samples obtained from 398 shrews captured along the eastern coast of China, and characterized the high-depth virome of 6 common shrew species (Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura tanakae, Sorex caecutiens, and Suncus murinus).

A positive association between RDW and coronary heart disease in the rheumatoid arthritis population: A cross-sectional study from NHANES.

Previous research has indicated that higher red blood cell distribution width (RDW) increases the risk of coronary heart disease. However, no studies have established a link between RDW and coronary heart disease in the rheumatoid arthritis population. This research aims to explore the association between RDW and coronary heart disease among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.

Capsaicin functions as a selective degrader of STAT3 to enhance host resistance to viral infection.

Although STAT3 has been reported as a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, the effects of pharmacologically inhibiting STAT3 on innate antiviral immunity are not well known. Capsaicin, approved for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic peripheral nerve pain, is an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), with additional recognized potencies in anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. We investigated the effects of capsaicin on viral replication and innate antiviral immune response and discovered that capsaicin dose-dependently inhibited the replication of VSV, EMCV, and H1N1.

Suppressing ASPARTIC PROTEASE 1 prolongs photosynthesis and increases wheat grain weight.

The elongation of photosynthesis, or functional staygreen, represents a feasible strategy to propel metabolite flux towards cereal kernels. However, achieving this goal remains a challenge in food crops. Here we report the cloning of wheat CO assimilation and kernel enhanced 2 (cake2), the mechanism underlying the photosynthesis advantages and natural alleles amenable to breeding elite varieties.

Suppression of ZEAXANTHIN EPOXIDASE 1 restricts stripe rust growth in wheat.

Reducing losses caused by pathogens is an effective strategy for stabilizing crop yields. Daunting challenges remain in cloning and characterizing genes that inhibit stripe rust, a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp.

HSP90.2 modulates 2Q2-mediated wheat resistance against powdery mildew.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a critical food crop feeding the world, but pathogens threaten its production. Wheat Heat Shock Protein 90.

Scoparone suppresses mitophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in inflammatory diseases.

Recent evidence shows that targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation is an important means to treat inflammasome-driven diseases. Scoparone, a natural compound isolated from the Chinese herb Artemisia capillaris Thunb, has anti-inflammatory activity. In this study we investigated the effect of scoparone on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in inflammatory diseases.

Catalytic oxidation of polystyrene to aromatic oxygenates over a graphitic carbon nitride catalyst.

The continuous increase in manufacturing coupled with the difficulty of recycling of plastic products has generated huge amounts of waste plastics. Most of the existing chemical recycling and upcycling methods suffer from harsh conditions and poor product selectivity. Here we demonstrate a photocatalytic method to oxidize polystyrene to aromatic oxygenates under visible light irradiation using heterogeneous graphitic carbon nitride catalysts.

Methane Activation by (MoO ) O Cluster Anions: The Importance of Orbital Orientation.

The reactivity of the molybdenum oxide cluster anion (MoO ) O , bearing an unpaired electron at a bridging oxygen atom (O ), towards methane under thermal collision conditions has been studied by mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. This reaction follows the mechanism of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and is facilitated by the O radical center. The reactivity of (MoO ) O can be traced back to the appropriate orientation of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) that is essentially the 2p orbital of the O atom.

An Eight-Atom Iridium-Aluminum Oxide Cluster IrAlO Catalytically Oxidizes Six CO Molecules.

Fundamental understanding regarding oxygen storage capacity involving how and why an active site can buffer a large number of oxygen atoms in redox processes is vital to the design of advanced oxygen storage materials, while it is challenging because of the complexity of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we identified that an eight-atom iridium-aluminum oxide cluster IrAlO can transfer all the oxygen atoms to catalytically oxidize six CO molecules. This finding represents a breakthrough in cluster catalysis where at most three oxygen atoms from a heteronuclear metal oxide cluster can be catalytically involved in CO oxidation.

C-N Coupling in N Fixation by the Ditantalum Carbide Cluster Anions TaC.

The construction of C-N bonds by the direct incorporation of dinitrogen (N) instead of ammonia (NH) into active species is particularly desirable but has been rarely reported. Herein, a ditantalum carbide cluster anion (TaC) capable of cleaving the N≡N bond and constructing a C-N bond under mild conditions has been identified using mass spectrometry, photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical calculations. The photoelectron spectrum of TaCN is remarkably different from that of TaC and matches the simulated spectrum of the TaCN species with an end-on-bonded CN unit.

Size-Dependent Reactivity of Nano-Sized Neutral Manganese Oxide Clusters toward Ethylene.

Neutral manganese oxide clusters with the general composition Mn O (N=2-22; x=-1, 0, 1) with dimensions up to a nanosize were prepared by laser ablation and reacted with C H in a fast flow reactor. The size-dependent reactivity of C H adsorption on these clusters was experimentally identified and the adsorption reactivity decreases generally with an increase of the cluster size. Density functional theory calculations were performed to study the geometrical and electronic structures of the Mn O (N=1-6) clusters.

Does Each Atom Count in the Reactivity of Vanadia Nanoclusters?

Vanadium oxide cluster anions (VO)VO (n = 1-31; x = 0, 1; and x + y ≤ 5) with different oxygen deficiencies (Δ = 2y-1-5x = 0, ± 1, and ±2) have been prepared by laser ablation and reacted to abstract hydrogen atoms from alkane molecules (n-butane) in a fast flow reactor. When the cluster size n is less than 25, the Δ = 1 series [(VO)O clusters] that can contain atomic oxygen radical anions (O) generally have much higher reactivity than the other four cluster series (Δ = -2, -1, 0, and 2), indicating that each atom counts in the hydrogen-atom abstraction (HAA) reactivity. Unexpectedly, all of the five cluster series have similar HAA reactivity when the cluster size is greater than 25.

Reactions of metal cluster anions with inorganic and organic molecules in the gas phase.

The study of gas phase ion-molecule reactions by state-of-the-art mass spectrometric experiments in conjunction with quantum chemistry calculations offers an opportunity to clarify the elementary steps and mechanistic details of bond activation and conversion processes. In the past few decades, a considerable number of publications have been devoted to the ion-molecule reactions of metal clusters, the experimentally and theoretically tractable models for the active phase of condensed phase systems. The focus of this perspective concerns progress on activation and transformation of important inorganic and organic molecules by negatively charged metal clusters.

Gas-Phase Reactions of Atomic Gold Cations with Linear Alkanes (C2-C9).

To develop proper ionization methods for alkanes, the reactivity of bare or ligated transition metal ions toward alkanes has attracted increasing interests. In this study, the reactions of the gold cations with linear alkanes from ethane up to nonane (CnH2n+2, n = 2-9) under mild conditions have been characterized by mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. When reacting with Au(+), small alkanes (n = 2-6) were confirmed to follow specific reaction channels of dehydrogenation for ethane and hydride transfer for others to generate product ions characteristic of the original alkanes, which indicates that Au(+) can act as a reagent ion to ionize alkanes from ethane to n-hexane.

[Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter and Influencing Factors in Lake Chaohu].

To study the temporal and spatial distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the related influencing factors of Lake Chaohu, surface water samples were collected at seventeen sites in three different regions of the Lake from April 2013 to April 2014. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were then analyzed. A significance difference in DON concentration was observed among the sampling sites (P <0.

Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription inhibitors enhance the protective effect mediated by tanshinone IIA from hypoxic/ischemic injury in cardiac myocytes.

Tanshinone IIA is a lipophilic abietane diterpene compound, which exhibits protective effects against ischaemia/reperfusion injury; however, the pathways responsible for the myocardial protective activities of tanshinone IIA remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tanshinone IIA on the Janus‑activated kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, which is associated with cardiac dysfunction during ischemia/reperfusion. The results demonstrated that tanshinone IIA protected myocardial cells from hypoxia/ischemia‑induced injury in vitro and recovered decreased cell viability due to activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, with 10 µM tanshinone IIA exhibiting the most potent protective effects.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate protects rat myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of PI3K/Akt/FOXO3A/Bim pathway.

Aim: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) in an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced rat myocardial injury model.

Methods: Male SD rats were iv injected with STS, STS+LY294002 or saline (NS) for 15 d. Then the hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion.

Glycyrrhizin protects rat heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury through blockade of HMGB1-dependent phospho-JNK/Bax pathway.

Aim: Glycyrrhizin (GL) has been found to inhibit extracellular HMGB1 cytokine's activity, and protect spinal cord, liver and brain against I/R-induced injury in experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of GL in rat myocardial I/R-induced injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 30-min left coronary artery occlusion followed by a 24-h reperfusion.