Pain Prevalence and Management in a General Hospital Through Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys in 2011 and 2021.

Background: There is great scope for improving the quality of pain management. Although pain prevalence has been investigated in several countries, few studies have comparatively assessed changes in pain prevalence and management over a span of multiple years.

Aim: This work was aimed at determining the pain prevalence and evaluating the condition of pain management in a Chinese general hospital in 2021 and comparing them with corresponding data from 10 years ago.

Function-based high-throughput screening for antibody antagonists and agonists against G protein-coupled receptors.

Hybridoma and phage display are two powerful technologies for isolating target-specific monoclonal antibodies based on the binding. However, for complex membrane proteins, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), binding-based screening rarely results in functional antibodies. Here we describe a function-based high-throughput screening method for quickly identifying antibody antagonists and agonists against GPCRs by combining glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored antibody cell display with β-arrestin recruitment-based cell sorting and screening.

Structure-guided discovery of a single-domain antibody agonist against human apelin receptor.

Developing antibody agonists targeting the human apelin receptor (APJ) is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic heart failure. Here, we report the structure-guided discovery of a single-domain antibody (sdAb) agonist JN241-9, based on the cocrystal structure of APJ with an sdAb antagonist JN241, the first cocrystal structure of a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a functional antibody. As revealed by the structure, JN241 binds to the extracellular side of APJ, makes critical contacts with the second extracellular loop, and inserts the CDR3 into the ligand-binding pocket.

Using the Delphi method to establish nursing-sensitive quality indicators for ICU nursing in China.

In this study, the Delphi method was used to develop evidence-based indicators of intensive care unit (ICU) nursing quality of care in China. Nursing quality indicators reflect elements of patient care that are directly affected by nursing practice. A comprehensive literature search identified 2,857 potentially relevant articles.

GPCR structure and function relationship: identification of a biased apelin receptor mutant.

Biased ligands of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) may have improved therapeutic benefits and safety profiles. However, the molecular mechanism of GPCR biased signaling remains largely unknown. Using apelin receptor (APJ) as a model, we systematically investigated the potential effects of amino acid residues around the orthosteric binding site on biased signaling.

Long-read sequencing identified intronic repeat expansions in from Chinese pedigrees affected with familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy.

Background: The locus for familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE) has long been mapped to 8q24 in linkage studies, but the causative mutations remain unclear. Recently, expansions of intronic TTTCA and TTTTA repeat motifs within were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of FCMTE in Japanese pedigrees. We aim to identify the causative mutations of FCMTE in Chinese pedigrees.

Development of evidence-based nursing-sensitive quality indicators for emergency nursing: A Delphi study.

Aims And Objectives: To establish evidence-based nursing-sensitive quality indicators for emergency nursing in China.

Background: China lacks nursing-sensitive quality indicators necessary for assessing the quality of emergency nursing and essential to nursing management.

Design: Prospective.

Construction of a recombinant full-length membrane associated IgG library.

HIV/AIDS has become a global pandemic. Development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine eliciting broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bnmAbs) remains a big challenge. Before an effective vaccine comes out, passive treatment for prevention and protection of HIV-1 infection may alleviate the burden caused by the pandemic.

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Epitopes on the Hemagglutinin Head Region of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Play Detrimental Roles in H1N1-Infected Mice.

Engaging the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) for killing of virus-infected cells and secretion of antiviral cytokines and chemokines was incorporated as one of the important features in the design of universal influenza vaccines. However, investigation of the ADCC epitopes on the highly immunogenic influenza hemagglutinin (HA) head region has been rarely reported. In this study, we determined the ADCC and antiviral activities of two putative ADCC epitopes, designated E1 and E2, on the HA head of a pandemic H1N1 influenza virus and in a lethal mouse model.

Identification of Human Anti-HIV gp160 Monoclonal Antibodies That Make Effective Immunotoxins.

Unlabelled: The envelope (Env) glycoprotein of HIV is the only intact viral protein expressed on the surface of both virions and infected cells. Env is the target of neutralizing antibodies (Abs) and has been the subject of intense study in efforts to produce HIV vaccines. Therapeutic anti-Env Abs can also exert antiviral effects via Fc-mediated effector mechanisms or as cytotoxic immunoconjugates, such as immunotoxins (ITs).

Using the Delphi method to develop nursing-sensitive quality indicators for the NICU.

Aims And Objectives: To develop nursing-sensitive quality indicators consistent with current medical practices in Chinese neonatal intensive care units.

Background: The development of nursing-sensitive quality indicators has become a top priority in nursing management. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no objective, scientific and sensitive evaluation of the quality of neonatal intensive care unit nursing in China.

Establishing nursing-sensitive quality indicators for the operating room: A cross-sectional Delphi survey conducted in China.

Background: Nursing-sensitive quality indicators comprise principles, procedures, and assessments to quantify the level of nursing quality in hospital departments. Although studies have demonstrated that quality indicators are essential for monitoring nursing practice in the operating room (OR), nursing quality in China is highly subjective and localised OR nursing-sensitive quality indicators are lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to establish scientific, objective and comprehensive nursing-sensitive quality indicators for the OR to evaluate and monitor OR nursing care quality in China.

Correlation study of Bcl-2, B7-H1, EGFR, VEGF and colorectal cancer.

Objective: To analyze the expressions of Bcl-2, B7-H1, EGFR and VEGF in colorectal cancer for the further investigation of their correlations with the clinical pathological features of colorectal cancer.

Method: Fresh colorectal cancer tissues and the expressions of Bcl-2, B7-H1, VEGF and EGFR in paraneoplastic normal mucosal tissues of 57 cases were tested by immunohistochemisty method, and the results were analyzed by SPSS10.0.

Identification of Non-HIV Immunogens That Bind to Germline b12 Predecessors and Prime for Elicitation of Cross-clade Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies.

A fundamental challenge for developing an effective and safe HIV-1 vaccine is to identify vaccine immunogens that can initiate and maintain immune responses leading to elicitation of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bnAbs) through complex maturation pathways. We have previously found that HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) lack measurable binding to putative germline predecessors of known bnAbs and proposed to search for non-HIV immunogens that could initiate their somatic maturation. Using bnAb b12 as a model bnAb and yeast display technology, we isolated five (poly)peptides from plant leaves, insects, E.

Reconstitution and characterization of antibody repertoires of HIV-1-infected "elite neutralizers".

Around 3-5% HIV-1-infected individuals develop high titers of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bnAbs) during chronic infection. However, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from such "elite neutralizers" do not, in most cases, depict the serum IgGs in neutralizing the virus. We hypothesize that HIV-1-specific antibodies in infected subjects may work in a population manner in containing the virus in vivo, and in vitro reconstituted antibody repertoires of "elite neutralizers" may mimic the sera in binding and neutralizing the virus.

Superior antitumor activity of a novel bispecific antibody cotargeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor.

The humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech) effectively inhibits human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast tumors. However, many patients responding to treatment often develop resistance. Cross-talk between type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and HER2 and elevated IGF-IR signaling have been implicated in tumor cell resistance to trastuzumab therapy.

The potential of the human immune system to develop broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies: implications for vaccine development.

Objectives And Design: Developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine that elicits broadly neutralizing HIV-1 human antibodies (bnAbs) remains a challenging goal. Extensive studies on HIV-1 have revealed various strategies employed by the virus to escape host immune surveillance. Here, we investigated the human antibody gene repertoires of uninfected and HIV-1-infected individuals at genomic DNA (gDNA) and cDNA levels by deep sequencing followed by high-throughput sequence analysis to determine the frequencies of putative germline antibody genes of known HIV-1 monoclonal bnAbs (bnmAbs).

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein variable loops are indispensable for envelope structural integrity and virus entry.

HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein is a trimer of heterodimer of gp120 and gp41, and derives from a trimeric glycoprotein precursor, gp160. Gp120 contains five conserved regions that are interspersed with 5 variable loop regions (V1-V5). Env variations in variable loop length and amino acid composition may associate with virus pathogenesis, virus sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and disease progression.

Identification of dominant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity epitopes on the hemagglutinin antigen of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus.

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) bridges innate and adaptive immunity, and it involves both humoral and cellular immune responses. ADCC has been found to be a main route of immune protection against viral infections in vivo. Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus is highly immunogenic and considered the most important target for immune protection.

[Expression of Bcl-2, PD-L1 and its clinical significance in colorectal cancer].

Objective: To study the expression of Bcl-2 and PD-L1 in colon cancer and its relationship with metastasis.

Methods: Tumor samples were collected from 57 cases of colon cancer, and tumor adjacent normal mucous tissue were obtained as normal control. The expressions of Bcl-2 and PD-L1 were assayed by immunohistochemical staining, and its correlations with patients' clinical pathological indexes were analyzed.

Two-step self-assembly of iron oxide into three-dimensional hollow magnetic porous microspheres and their toxic ion adsorption mechanism.

Hollow magnetic porous Fe(3)O(4)/α-FeOOH microspheres, with abundant surface hydroxyl groups and carbonate-like species, were prepared using a simple template free solution method. The obtained magnetic microspheres were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray diffraction. A two-step self-assembly mechanism for the microspheres was proposed based on the morphology of the products produced with different reaction times and the X-ray diffraction of the raw product grown at the initial stage.

Identification and characterization of a broadly cross-reactive HIV-1 human monoclonal antibody that binds to both gp120 and gp41.

Identification of broadly cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) may assist vaccine immunogen design. Here we report a novel human monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated m43, which co-targets the gp120 and gp41 subunits of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). M43 bound to recombinant gp140 s from various primary isolates, to membrane-associated Envs on transfected cells and HIV-1 infected cells, as well as to recombinant gp120 s and gp41 fusion intermediate structures containing N-trimer structure, but did not bind to denatured recombinant gp140 s and the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) mutant, gp120 D368R, suggesting that the m43 epitope is conformational and overlaps the CD4bs on gp120 and the N-trimer structure on gp41.

Putative rhesus macaque germline predecessors of human broadly HIV-neutralizing antibodies: differences from the human counterparts and implications for HIV-1 vaccine development.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are likely to be a key component of protective immunity conferred by an effective HIV-1 vaccine. We and others have reported that putative human germline predecessors of known human bnAbs lack measurable binding to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env), which could be a new challenge for eliciting human bnAbs. Rhesus macaques have been used as nonhuman primate models for testing vaccine candidates, but little is known about their germline Abs.

A single mutation turns a non-binding germline-like predecessor of broadly neutralizing antibody into a binding antibody to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 are rare in natural infection and elicitation of HIV-1 bnAbs has not been achieved by any vaccine candidates. We and others have reported that HIV-1 bnAbs are highly diversified from their germline-like predecessors, and the germline-like predecessors of bnAbs lack measurable binding to HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins, suggesting that Env structures containing the epitopes of bnAbs may not initiate somatic maturation pathway, which may partially explain the rarity of HIV-1 bnAbs. To determine the minimum mutations required for converting non-binding germline-like predecessors to Env-binding antibodies, we started with the bnAb b12 as a prototype and generated six "chimeric" scFv b12 variants by sequentially replacing the heavy chain V-segment (HV), D(J)-segment [HD(J)] in the heavy chain variable region (VH), and the whole light chain variable region (VL) in b12 germline-like predecessor with the mature counterparts.

Monoclonal antibody m18 paratope leading to dual receptor antagonism of HIV-1 gp120.

We sought to identify sequences in the monoclonal antibody m18 complementarity determining regions (CDRs) that are responsible for its interaction with HIV-1 gp120 and inhibition of the envelope receptor binding sites. In the accompanying paper (DOI 10.1021/bi101160r), we reported that m18 inhibits CD4 binding through a nonactivating mechanism that, at the same time, induces conformational effects leading to inhibition of the coreceptor site.