Research review on methods of grassland health assessment.

Grassland health refers to the degree to which the integrity of soil and ecological processes is maintained, which primarily reflects the health status and productivity of grasslands. Evaluating the degree of grassland health is vital for the sustainable develop of grasslands. There are many methods for evaluating grassland health, with advantages and disadvantages for each one.

-A New Etiological Anthracnose Agent of Sword Bean () in Southwestern China.

Anthracnose is a disease caused by species. They are well known as major plant pathogens, and a black stem disease, specifically caused by and primarily infecting sword bean (), was observed in the Yunnan province, China. To aid disease management and to determine pathogenic characteristics, the species causing the leaf spot disease of hairy vetch was verified as .

Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Wilson's Disease: A Promising Indicator but Unparallel to Real-Time Treatment Response.

Background: Wilson's disease (WD) currently lacks a promising indicator that could reflect neurological impairment and monitor treatment outcome. We aimed to investigate whether serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) functions as a candidate for disease assessment and treatment monitoring of WD.

Methods: We assessed preclinical and manifested WD patients' sNfL levels compared to controls and analyzed the differences between patients with various clinical symptoms.

GBDT-Based Fall Detection with Comprehensive Data from Posture Sensor and Human Skeleton Extraction.

Since fall is happening with increasing frequency, it has been a major public health problem in an aging society. There are considerable demands to distinguish fall down events of seniors with the characteristics of accurate detection and real-time alarm. However, some daily activities are erroneously signaled as falls and there are too many false alarms in actual application.

Gastrodin Ameliorates Motor Learning Deficits Through Preserving Cerebellar Long-Term Depression Pathways in Diabetic Rats.

Cognitive dysfunction is a very severe consequence of diabetes, but the underlying causes are still unclear. Recently, the cerebellum was reported to play an important role in learning and memory. Since long-term depression (LTD) is a primary cellular mechanism for cerebellar motor learning, we aimed to explore the role of cerebellar LTD pathways in diabetic rats and the therapeutic effect of gastrodin.

Early intervention with gastrodin reduces striatal neurotoxicity in adult rats with experimentally‑induced diabetes mellitus.

Glutamate‑induced excitotoxicity in the striatum has an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. It has been reported that diabetes mellitus (DM) induces excitotoxicity in striatal neurons, although the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of gastrodin on DM‑induced excitotoxicity in the striatal neurons of diabetic rats.

Anesthetic constituents of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.: A pharmacokinetic study.

A sensitive and selective ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of hydroxy-α-sanshool, hydroxy-β-sanshool, and hydroxy-γ-sanshool in rat plasma after the subcutaneous and intravenous administration of an extract of the pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Piperine was used as the internal standard. The analytes were extracted from rat plasma by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and separated on a Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18 column (2.

An axenic culture system for fruiting body formation by an edible bolete phylogenetically related to culinary-medicinal penny bun mushroom, Boletus edulis Bull.:Fr. strains from China.

The ability of two freshly isolated Boletus stains to fruit under axenic conditions was tested using different solid and liquid nutrient media. One strain (YNCX04) produced numerous primordia from which fruiting bodies, 12 mm and 10 mm in length, with grey, convex pilei, and yellow-white, clavate stipes developed between 15 and 30 d after inoculation of fungal mycelium onto a solid medium consisting of mineral salts, thiamine, glucose, potato, an extract of Cunninghamia lanceolata root, and agar. The other strain (YNB200) produced numerous primordia but no sporophores.

[Multi-modality magnetic resonance imaging features of cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment].

Objective: To investigate the association of multi-modality neuroimaging features and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Nine individuals with amnestic MCI (aMCI), fifteen patients with mild probable AD, and eleven age-controlled cognitively normal controls (NC) were recruited. All participants were administered with mini-mental status examination (MMSE) and Cognitive assessment screening instrument (CASI) to assess general cognitive function.

[Relationship between expression of decoy receptor 3 and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma].

Objective: To study the expression of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) and its relationship with apoptosis and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: The expression of DcR3 protein in 43 cases of HCC and 16 cases of non-cancerous liver (including cirrhotic liver tissue and normal liver tissue adjacent to cavernous hemangioma) was studied by immunohistochemistry (using EnVision method). The status of apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique.

[Expression and role of nitric oxide synthase in the testis and epididymis of Macaca fascicularis].

Objective: To investigate the expression and the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the testis and epididymis of macaca fascicularis.

Methods: The immunohistochemical ABC method was used to observe the localization of nitric oxide synthase in the testis and epididymis of the macaca fascicularis.

Results: (1) nNOS immunoreactivity was found in the spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules, the epithelia of epididymal efferent ducts, sperm and the endothelia of blood vessels; (2) iNOS was expressed in the epididymal efferent duct, the sperm inside the duct, and the myoid cells and endothelia of blood vessels; (3) eNOS immunoreactivity was detected in the interstitial cells of the testis, the epididymal efferent duct, the sperm inside the duct, and the myoid cells and endothelia of blood vessels.