[KLF15/mTOR related proteins involved in effect of aerobic interval training on improving skeletal muscle lesions in rats with type 2 diabetes].

To investigate the effects of aerobic intermittent exercise on the expressions of KLF15/mTOR related proteins to improve skeletal muscle lesions in type 2 diabetes rats. The experimental model of type 2 diabetes rats was established by feeding high-fat diet for 4 weeks and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After modeling, rats were randomly divided into two groups: diabetes model group (DM), diabetes+exercise group (DE), and normal rats were set as control group (C), 10 rats in each group.

[The effects of aerobic exercise plus spirulina polysaccharide supplement on learning and memory function of diabetes rats and its mechanism].

To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise plus spirulina polysaccharide(SP) supplement on the related protein expressions of p75 signal in hippocampal and the improvement of learning and memory of type 2 diabetes rats. The model of type 2 diabetic rats was established by fed high-fat diet for four weeks together with intraperitoneal injecting a low dose of STZ. The model rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group(B),diabetic exercise group(C),diabetic+SP group(D)and diabetic exercise+SP group(E), another normal control group(A)without any intervention was set up,12 rats in each group.

[Effects of Schott and alpha asarone on free radicals and nNOS/NO in hippocampus of rats with fatigue movement].

Objective: To study the effects of Schott and its active ingredient-alpha-asarone on learning and memory, free radical metabolism and nNOS/NO signal in hippocampus of rats with fatigue movement.

Methods: Eighty SD male rats were randomly divided into eight groups: control group(A), exercise group(B), exercise + alpha-asarone low, middle and high dose treatment group (C, D, E), exercise + Schott low, middle and high dose treatment group (F, G, H),with ten rats in each group. The rats in group C, D and E were administered with alpha-asarone at the doses of 0.

[Effects of Acorus tatarinowii Schott and its active component -5- hydroxymethylfurfural on ERK/CREB signal in hippocampus of exercise-induced fatigue rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Acorus tatarinowii Schott and its active component 5- hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) on learning and memory and ERK/CREB signal in hippocampus of rats with exercise-induced fatigue.

Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (A), exercise group (B), exercise + HMF low, middle and high dose treatment group (C, D, E), exercise + acorus tatarinowii Schott low, middle and high dose treatment group (F, G, H), with ten rats in each group. The rats in group C, D and E were treated with HMF at the doses of 0.

[Protective effects of spirulina on hippocampal injury in exercise-fatigue mice and its mechanism].

Objective: To investigate the roles of BDNF/TrkB neurotrophic signaling in hippocampal injury for fatigue rats induced by incremental load exercise and the protective effects and mechanism of spirulina supplement.

Methods: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), normal plus spirulina group(NS), exercise model group (EM), exercise plus spirulina group (ES), and positive control group (PC), 12 rats in each group.Group EM, Group ES and Group PC were applied by treadmill running with high-intensity increasing for three weeks, and Group NC had not any intervention measures.

[Application of area percent of positive neuron and relative intensity of staining grey level in the image quantitative analysis of rat brain tissues immunohistochemistry].

Objective: The acetylcholine expression in hypothalamus arcuate nucleus is detected and then the images are processed and analyzed. The features of the image quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the method combining two parameters of area percent of positive neuron (APPN) and relative intensity of staining grey level (RISGL) were investigated.

Methods: Samples were the im-munohistochemical slices of acetylcholine(ACh)expression of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus cholinergic neurons in the process of exercise in-duced immunosuppression, which included twelve groups of "0 w, 2 w, 4 w, 6 w" and three groups of "control, immediately after exercise, 3 hours after exercise" in every week.

Characterization of multidrug‑resistant osteosarcoma sublines and the molecular mechanisms of resistance.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a challenge for the treatment of cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The current study exposed MG63 osteosarcoma cells to increasing concentrations of vincristine (VCR) to establish four VCR‑resistant MG63/VCR cell sublines (MG63/VCR1, 2, 3 and 4). The drug resistance indices (RI) of these sublines was detected with the CCK‑8 assay and determined to be163, 476, 1,247, and 2,707‑fold higher than that of parental cells, respectively.

[Chemical constituents contained in ethanol extracts from Acorus tatarinowii and their anti-fatigue activity].

Chemical constituents in ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of ethanol extracts from Acorus tatarinowii were separated by column chromatography. Bufo skeletal muscle fatigue model was established to study the anti-fatigue activity of separated compounds. Five compounds were separated and identified by spectroscopic analysis as acoramone(1),cycloartenone(2),2,4,5-trimethoxyl-2'-butoxy-1,2-phenyl propandiol(3),5-hydroxymethyl furfural(4), and 5-butoxymethyl furfural(5).