Leaf epidermal micromorphology of (Zingiberaceae) from China and its systematic significance.

Leaf epidermal characteristics are important for phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of many plants, but there is currently insufficient such data for this application in species. Therefore, the leaf epidermal micromorphology of 22 species in three sections of was investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Differences between various taxonomic groups of Zingiberaceae were also compared to assess their phylogenetic and taxonomic significance.

[Changes in public health awareness of traditional Chinese medicine in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty].

Public health awareness existed in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) long ago. In the process of Shanghai's modernization and in competition with Western medicine, TCM in Shanghai has gradually accepted the modern public health awareness, fostering its strengths, circumventing its weaknesses and playing an important role in the local public health service. To study the vicissitude of TCM public health awareness at this time will be helpful to further understand the modern history of TCM and also provide useful reference for further participation of TCM in modern public health enterprise.

[Investigation on "gout" and comparison of disorder between Chinese and Western medicine in pre-Song-yuan dynasty].

Before the Song-Yuan dynasties, it was claimed that "gout" is the result of heat in the blood plus invasion of wind, cold, or dampness, leading to coagulation of turbid dampness in the channel-collaterals, characterized by arthralgia, exacerbated in the nighttime. "Gout" was first seen in the Ming yi bie lu (Other Records of Famous Physicians) of the Liang dynasty. Before that, it was categorized under "bi" syndrome.