Pepsin promotes IL-8 signaling-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in laryngeal carcinoma.

Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), with its increasing morbidity, is attracting considerable attention. In recent years, the causal role between LPR and laryngeal carcinoma has been debated. The main harmful component of LPR is pepsin, which has been shown to induce mucosal inflammation by damaging the mucous membrane.

Optimized Generation of Primary Human Epithelial Cells from Larynx and Hypopharynx: A Site-Specific Epithelial Model for Reflux Research.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) induces a differential damage effect on several anatomic sites within the larynx and hypopharynx; therefore, an in vitro model is needed for each anatomic site. This study aimed to establish a primary culture method for human laryngeal and hypopharyngeal epithelial cells derived from multiple anatomic sites. Surgical mucosa specimens were treated with a two-step enzymatic strategy to establish a primary culture.

Role of plant stanol derivatives in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver gene expression in mice.

The present study was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering effect of two novel plant stanol derivatives and its potential molecular mechanism in hyper-cholesterol mice induced by a high-cholesterol diet. Results showed that oral administration of plant stanyl hemisuccinate (2×, 5×) and plant stanyl sorbitol succinate (2×, 5×) effectively attenuated the serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while had no effect on the serum triacylglycerol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. And plant stanol derivatives decreased liver cholesterol concentration and increased faecal cholesterol output.

Oxidative decarboxylation of mandelic acid derivative by recombinant Escherichia coli: a novel method of ethyl vanillin synthesis.

The benzoylformate decarboxylase gene (mdlC) from Pseudomonas putida was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant strain together with E. coli/pET30a-mdlB converted (S)-3-ethoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (S-EMA) into ethyl vanillin without ethyl vanillin degradation.

Efficient solvent-free synthesis of phytostanyl esters in the presence of acid-surfactant-combined catalyst.

An efficient approach based on the synthesis of phytostanyl esters with an acid-surfactant-combined catalyst in a solvent-free system was developed. The effect of catalyst dose, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature, and acyl donor was considered. The reaction conditions were further optimized by response surface methodology, and a high yield of phytostanyl laurate (>92%) was obtained under optimum conditions: 3.