Endometrial stromal cells treated by tumor necrosis factor-α stimulate macrophages polarized toward M2 via interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of endometrial stromal cells (ESC)-derived interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 on macrophage polarization in endometriosis.

Methods: Macrophage polarization was measured in eutopic endometrium of control participants ('normal endometrium'), eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis ('eutopic endometrium') and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis patients ('ectopic endometrium') by immunohistochemical staining. Expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 were measured in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Serum and Ectopic Endometrium from Women with Endometriosis Modulate Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization via the Smad2/Smad3 Pathway.

Objective: This study investigated the alterations in macrophage polarization in patients with endometriosis as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Peritoneal washings, serum samples, and endometrial tissues were collected from endometriosis patients and control subjects. Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were isolated from endometrial tissue, and conditioned medium was prepared by treating ESCs with or without various concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 6, estrogen, or progestin.

Letrozole ovulation induction: an effective option in endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo transfer.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of letrozole on ovulation induction and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET).

Methods: We analyzed totally 1,230 cycles of patients that underwent FET from October 2010 to September 2012. Seven hundred and thirteen cycles of patients with ovulation disorders that underwent FET were randomly assigned to two groups by case control study.

[Inhibitory effects of human papilloma virus 18 E6 gene in HeLa cell transfected with shRNA].

Objective: To investigate the inhibition of HPV18E6 gene in HeLa cell transfected with plasmid expressing human papilloma virus 18 E6 (HPV18E6) short hairpin RNA (shRNA).

Methods: We synthesized two HPV18E6 shRNA frames and sub-cloned them into pSUPER which can express shRNA in mammalian cells to construct pE6-1shRNA and pE6-2shRNA which were mutant in E6 shRNA frame. The pE6-1shRNA, pE6-2shRNA and pcDNA3.