Danshensu Decreases UVB-Induced Corneal Inflammation in an Experimental Mouse Model via Oral Administration.

Background: Danshensu is a bioactive constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological efficacy of sodium danshensu, or named salvianic acid A sodium (SAS) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-mediated corneal inflammatory injury in mice.

Methods: Albino mice were divided into one blank control group, and three UVB radiation groups, i.

Diagnostic capability of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer parameters in time-domain versus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for assessing glaucoma in high myopia.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic capabilities of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (p-RNFL) parameters of Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) versus Stratus OCT to detect glaucoma in patients with high myopia.

Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Sixty highly myopic eyes of 60 patients were enrolled, with 30 eyes in the glaucoma group and 30 eyes in the control group.

Intraocular pressure fluctuation after water drinking test in primary angle-closure glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma.

Context: Only a few studies have assessed intraocular pressure (IOP) changes during the water drinking test (WDT) in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate IOP changes during WDT in patients with PACG versus primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Settings And Design: This was a prospective and single tertiary center study.

Visual outcomes after spectacles treatment in children with bilateral high refractive amblyopia.

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the visual outcomes of treatment with spectacles for bilateral high refractive amblyopia in children three to eight years of age.

Methods: Children with previously untreated bilateral refractive amblyopia were enrolled. Bilateral high refractive amblyopia was defined as visual acuity (VA) being worse than 6/9 in both eyes in the presence of 5.

Isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis in postcataract surgery: a 12-year review of culture-proven cases.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spectrum of organisms causing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan and the antibiotic susceptibilities. This was a retrospective case series study. Patients with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery from January 2004 to July 2015 were reviewed.

Macular Diagnostic Ability in OCT for Assessing Glaucoma in High Myopia.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic abilities of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; Spectralis OCT) and time-domain OCT (TD-OCT; Stratus OCT). Changes in macular parameters in highly myopic eyes of glaucoma patients and highly myopic eyes of glaucoma suspects were evaluated and compared.

Methods: We collected data from 72 highly myopic eyes (spherical equivalent, ≤-6.

UV-blocking spectacle lens protects against UV-induced decline of visual performance.

Purpose: Excessive exposure to sunlight may be a risk factor for ocular diseases and reduced visual performance. This study was designed to examine the ability of an ultraviolet (UV)-blocking spectacle lens to prevent visual acuity decline and ocular surface disorders in a mouse model of UVB-induced photokeratitis.

Methods: Mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice per group): (1) a blank control group (no exposure to UV radiation), (2) a UVB/no lens group (mice exposed to UVB rays, but without lens protection), (3) a UVB/UV400 group (mice exposed to UVB rays and protected using the CR-39™ spectacle lens [UV400 coating]), and (4) a UVB/photochromic group (mice exposed to UVB rays and protected using the CR-39™ spectacle lens [photochromic coating]).

Macular parameters of Stratus optical coherence tomography for assessing glaucoma in high myopia.

Background: The aim was to assess the macular parameters of glaucoma in highly myopic subjects.

Methods: In a retrospective study, we enrolled 72 highly myopic eyes (spherical equivalent up to -6.00 D), of which 31 had early to moderate glaucoma and 41 formed a control group.

Comparison of central corneal thickness measurements by ultrasonic pachymetry, Orbscan II, and SP3000P in eyes with glaucoma or glaucoma suspect.

Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements are affected by the central cornea thickness (CCT). The conventional method for CCT measurement is ultrasonic pachymetry. However, noncontact procedures lower the risk of infection and corneal damage.

Intravitreal homocysteine-thiolactone injection leads to the degeneration of multiple retinal cells, including photoreceptors.

Purpose: Hyperhomocysteinemia is known to cause degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, but its influence on photoreceptors remains largely unknown. In particular, the role of homocysteine-thiolactone (Hcy-T)--the physiologic metabolite of homocysteine that has been proven to be more cytotoxic than homocysteine itself--as a factor that causes retinopathy, has not been defined. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of excessive Hcy-T in a mouse model.

Dietary zerumbone prevents mouse cornea from UVB-induced photokeratitis through inhibition of NF-κB, iNOS, and TNF-α expression and reduction of MDA accumulation.

Purpose: Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cornea, resulting in inflammatory responses and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. This study aims to determine the effect of zerumbone, a potent NF-κB inhibitor and inflammation modulators, on UVB-induced corneal damages in a mouse model.

Methods: Fifty female imprinting control region (ICR) mice were randomly divided into five groups.

Dietary zerumbone prevents against ultraviolet B-induced cataractogenesis in the mouse.

Purpose: To investigate the preventive effect of dietary zerumbone against UVB-induced cataractogenesis.

Methods: A total of 50 six-week-old female ICR mice were split into five groups (each contained 10 mice) and exposed to UVB (0.72 J/cm(2)/daily) at noon for 7 days, except for the blank control group.

Longitudinal changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after acute primary angle closure measured with optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: Longitudinal follow-up of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after an episode of acute primary angle closure (APAC) using Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Seventeen patients who had experienced a single unilateral APAC episode (intraocular pressure, >50 mm Hg) were enrolled. The average and superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal quadrant RNFL thicknesses of the affected and fellow eyes at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after remission were compared by using StratusOCT.

Comparison of polarimetric retinal nerve fiber analyzer parameters for a single high quality image and the mean image from three high quality images.

Background: To find the correlations and differences between the nerve fiber layer parameters of a GDx (polarimetric retinal nerve fiber analyzer) in single high quality images and those in the mean image from three high quality images.

Methods: The results of scanning laser polarimetry were selected from 63 eyes of 63 patients (31 male and 32 female). Complete ophthalmic examinations included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated pupil for vitreous and ocular fundus examination, applanation tonometry, and subjective or objective refraction.

Clinical features of patients featuring cataracts in a myopia-endemic area of Taiwan.

Background: To determine the etiology and morphological features of cataracts in a myopia-endemic area of Taiwan.

Methods: This retrospective case-controlled study comprised 332 patients (440 eyes) who underwent cataract-extraction surgery, 163 patients (220 eyes) constituting the presenile cataract study group, and 169 patients (220 eyes) constituting the senile cataract control group. Each group was divided into idiopathic, diabetic, and highly myopic subgroups.

Scanning laser polarimetry for measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer in absolute, advanced and early glaucoma.

Background: To detect differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements in absolute, advanced and early glaucoma with scanning laser polarimetry (The Nerve Fiber Analyzer GDx), and to assess the usefulness and limitations of this technique for longitudinal follow-up of glaucoma patients.

Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients with absolute glaucoma, twenty-six eyes of 26 patients with advanced glaucoma and twenty-four eyes of 24 patients with early glaucoma were imaged using scanning laser polarimetry.

Risk of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery using different protocols for povidone- iodine preoperative disinfection.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis associated with different prophylactic protocols, using povidone-iodine disinfection of the skin and conjunctiva in patients undergoing cataract surgery over an 8-year period at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Kaohsiung, Taiwan).

Method: This was a retrospective, comparative, case-controlled study. Data were collected on patients who received different prophylactic disinfection protocols prior to extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation between January 1992 and January 2000.

Nosocomial postoperative endophthalmitis: a 14-year review.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence, predisposing surgery, management and final visual outcome of postoperative endophthalmitis over a 14-year period at one institute.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed all intraocular operations performed between 1 January 1991 and 31 August 2004 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, to determine the incidence of nosocomial postoperative endophthalmitis and the characteristics of patients who developed this condition.

Results: The overall incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis after intraocular surgery was 0.

Serial follow-up in traumatic optic neuropathy using scanning laser polarimetry and visual field testing.

A 40-year-old male patient suffered from traumatic optic neuropathy in his right eye. Scanning laser polarimetry was arranged at 2 weeks, 9 weeks, 13 weeks, 24 weeks, and 34 weeks after the trauma. Manual or automated visual field testing was also arranged at 1 week, 5 weeks, 16 weeks, and 28 weeks correspondingly.

The probability of blindness in patients treated for glaucoma.

Background: To investigate the risk factors and probability of blindness in patients treated for glaucoma.

Methods: The study design was a retrospective, hospital-based, clinical chart, review study. Medical records were reviewed from patients seen between January 2003 and December 2003 at the Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital eye clinic, who had been diagnosed with glaucoma in 1986 or later and who had been treated for at least 2 years for glaucoma.

Ocular complications after a sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for uveitis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the complications of a sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide in patients with uveitis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of uveitis cases treated from 1999 to 2003 in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Thirty patients (45 eyes), who received a sub-Tenon injection of 0.

Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C versus trabeculectomy alone for juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: We compare the intermediate-term outcome of initial trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C use versus initial trabeculectomy alone for juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: This retrospective consecutive analysis included 44 eyes from 36 patients with juvenile primary-open angle glaucoma, all of whom underwent either initial trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C use (15 eyes) or initial trabeculectomy alone without mitomycin C use (29 eyes). We compared the success rate and complications between the two groups in a three-year follow-up period following surgery.