Mechanical Neural Networks with Explicit and Robust Neurons.

Mechanical computing provides an information processing method to realize sensing-analyzing-actuation integrated mechanical intelligence and, when combined with neural networks, can be more efficient for data-rich cognitive tasks. The requirement of solving implicit and usually nonlinear equilibrium equations of motion in training mechanical neural networks makes computation challenging and costly. Here, an explicit mechanical neuron is developed of which the response can be directly determined without the need of solving equilibrium equations.

In-memory mechanical computing.

Mechanical computing requires matter to adapt behavior according to retained knowledge, often through integrated sensing, actuation, and control of deformation. However, inefficient access to mechanical memory and signal propagation limit mechanical computing modules. To overcome this, we developed an in-memory mechanical computing architecture where computing occurs within the interaction network of mechanical memory units.

Effect of different ionic liquids and organic solvents on the structural and physicochemical properties of cellulose-protein complexes extracted from Se-enriched peanut leaves.

Abundant cellulose and insoluble protein were contained in the Se-enriched peanut leaf residue, a by-product from leaf protein extraction. Ionic liquids (ILs) were used to extract the cellulose-protein complexes (CPCs) from Se-enriched peanut leaf residue. The effects of various ILs as extractants and organic solvents as regenerant on the physicochemical properties of CPCs were compared.

Se-O Bond Is Unique to High Se Enriched Sweet Potato Stem Protein with Better Antioxidant Ability.

Sweet potato plants were treated with selenium (Se). Spraying Se on the sweet potato leaves was an effective Se enrichment method and proteins were extracted from the sweet potato stem. The structural characteristics of the protein were investigated.

A mechanical metamaterial with reprogrammable logical functions.

Embedding mechanical logic into soft robotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and robotic materials can greatly improve their functional capacity. However, such logical functions are usually pre-programmed and can hardly be altered during in-life service, limiting their applications under varying working conditions. Here, we propose a reprogrammable mechanological metamaterial (ReMM).

Foliar application is an effective method for incorporating selenium into peanut leaf proteins with antioxidant activities.

Proteins were extracted from Se-enriched peanut leaves, an agro-byproduct, and the foliar application of sodium selenite was indicated to be an effective method to incorporate Se into leaf selenoproteins with 75-80% incorporation rates. After trypsin digestion, the most abundant proteins from Se-enriched peanut leaf (PSPL) were identified as pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins, Ara h 8 allergen and its isoforms, using LC-MS/MS. The Se species in both the low Se PSPL and high Se PSPL were determined to be selenomethionine (SeMet), methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenocystine (SeCys) with SeMet (15.

[Effects of applying sewage sludge on chemical form distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil].

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying sewage sludge on the chemical form distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in soil and the transfer and accumulation of the heavy metals in soil-plant (ryegrass) system. With the application of sewage sludge, the contents of bioavailable Cd and Zn in soil increased significantly but that of bioavailable Pb in soil had a significant decrease, and the content of residual form Pb in soil increased by 33.3% -74.

Fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions in soils in soil aquifer treatment.

This work investigated the effect of soil aquifer treatment (SAT) operation on the fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions in soils through laboratory-scale soil columns with a 2-year operation. The resin adsorption technique (with XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins) was employed to characterize the dissolved organic matter in soils into five fractions, i.e.

[Comparison of ICP-MS and two other analytical methods for determination of selenium content in Cordyceps militaris].

Samples were digested by microwave digestion. The selenium content in selenium enriched Cordyceps militaris was determined by ICP-MS method, HPLC/fluorometric method, and 3,3-diaminobenzidine method separately. And the detection conditions, the lowest detection limit and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the three determination methods were compared.

[Determination of trace selenium in edible fungi with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy].

In the present article, samples were digested by a quartz high-pressure digestion pot, reducing the loss of selenium in digestion. The content of selenium in edible fungi was determined by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the results showed that when the content of selenium in edible fungi was determined by using 1% Ni(NO3)2 as a matrix modifier, ashing temperature of 500 degreed C, and atomization temperature of 2 500 degrees C, and rectifying background by deuterium light, the recovery was in the range of 92.1%-115.

[Chemical forms of cadmium in industrial contaminated soil and its phytoremediation].

The study showed that the adsorbed cadmium in soil could be dissolved in water, and the lower the soil pH, the higher and stronger the dissolving rate and mobility, and the more uptake by crops. The water-soluble, exchangeable and complexed cadmium contents in the contaminated soil were lower when the soil was chemically neutral, with the values being 0.68%, 12.

[Distribution characteristics and chemical pattern of cadmium in grasses planted in the cadmium contaminated soil].

In this paper, the distribution and chemical pattern of Cd in the grasses planted in Cd contaminated soil in western suburb of Shenyang were analyzed. The results showed that Cd was mainly distributed in the grass roots, and characteristics of Cd distribution in various grasses were different. Some grasses had resisting ability against Cd, some had strong capability of bio-accumulation for Cd.