Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles transfer mitochondria to adipocytes and promote adipocyte-myofibroblast transition in epidural fibrosis.

Epidural fibrosis post laminectomy is the leading cause of failed back surgery syndrome. Little is known about the role and mechanisms of adipose tissues in epidural fibrosis. Here, we found that obese patients were more likely to develop epidural fibrosis after spine surgery.

LincR-PPP2R5C regulates the PP2A signaling pathway in the macrophage-myofibroblast transition in a mouse model of epidural fibrosis.

Low back pain after spine surgery is a major complication due to excessive epidural fibrosis, which compresses the lumbar nerve. Macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) promoted epidural fibrosis in a mouse laminectomy model. Previously, we demonstrated that LincR-PPP2R5C regulated CD4 + T-cell differentiation.

Increased Expression of MST1 in Patients With Epilepsy and in a Rat Model of Epilepsy.

Mammalian sterile20-like kinase 1 (MST1), a serine/threonine kinase frequently expressed, has emerged as pivotal modulator of multiple physiological and pathological conditions such as cellular growth, programmed cell death, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Various neurological diseases are associated with the activation of MST1. Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder characterized by abrupt abnormal electrical activity in the brain and recurring spontaneous seizures.

An improved ultrasound-assisted synthesis of phenytoin suitable for undergraduate education.

A convenient and efficient method for undergraduate student experiments involves the one-pot synthesis of phenytoin from benzoin. This method utilized ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of basic catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, resulting in shortened reaction times, good yields, and excellent reproducibility. By employing a low-cost ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic irradiation in student experiments, the need for expensive equipment investment during the teaching process can be minimized.

Process Mining on National Health Care Data for the Discovery of Patient Journeys of Older Adults.

Objective: Understanding the longitudinal patterns of health care utilization among older adults is crucial for designing effective patient journeys and enhancing care coordination across settings. This study aims to uncover the most common patient journeys of older adults.

Design: This explorative study used process mining techniques to analyze national health care data from 2017 to 2019, focusing on patient care journeys of older adults (aged ≥65 years) in the Netherlands.

Metal-organic framework-based SERS chips enable in situ and sensitive detection of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in natural water: Towards a bring-back-chip mode for field analysis.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) in natural water plays an important role in carbon and sulfur cycles in biosphere. Current detection protocol is complicated, which need to "bring back water" to lab followed by gas chromatograph analysis. In situ, field detection is still challenging.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering microtips for microenvironment pH determination of semi-solid preparations.

Semi-solid preparations such as ointments, creams, gels, and pastes are common topical dosage forms with complex compositions and microstructures. pH is a critical quality attribute for semi-solid preparations, affecting properties such as particle size distribution, drug dissociation state, and rheological behavior. Currently, traditional pH electrode methods only provide an "average" pH for large-volume matrices, with low spatial resolution and accuracy.

Detoxification Mechanism of Hinokitiol by and Its Application in Agricultural Antifungal Control.

is a common plant pathogen that can infect crops and reduce their production. In this work, an antagonism experiment between and the essential oil of arborvitae () was performed, and it was proven that had developed resistance to this plant-derived fungicide. facilitated the biotransformation of hinokitiol (), the main antifungal compound in the essential oil of arborvitae, into ()-2-hydroxy-β-methylbenzeneethanol (), which does not have antifungal activity against .

Knockout of TNF-α in microglia decreases ferroptosis and convert microglia phenotype after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and difficult to treat traumatic disease of the central nervous system. Spinal cord injury causes a variety of detrimental effects, including neuroinflammation and ferroptosis, leading to chronic functional impairment and death. Recent studies have shown that microglia/macrophages (M/Ms) at the injury site remain primarily in the pro-inflammatory state, which is detrimental to recovery.

Differentiating Between Home Care Types to Identify Older Adults at Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes in the Community.

Objectives: Acute hospitalization, recurrent admissions, institutionalization, and death are important adverse health outcomes. Older adults receiving home care are especially at risk of these outcomes, yet it remains unclear if this risk differs between older adults receiving different types of home care and older adults not receiving home care.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using national claims data from 2019.

Hydrogen-releasing magnesium hydrogel mitigates post laminectomy epidural fibrosis through inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Epidural fibrosis is a primary contributor to the failure of laminectomy surgeries, leading to the development of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). Post-laminectomy, neutrophils infiltrate the surgical site, generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that contribute to epidural fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in mediating NETs formation.

Parahydrogen-enhanced pH measurements using [1-C]bicarbonate derived from non-enzymatic decarboxylation of [1-C]pyruvate-d.

Alterations in pH are a hallmark in several pathologies including cancer, ischemia, and inflammation. Non-invasive magnetic resonance methods to measure pH offer a new approach for early diagnosis of diseases characterized by acid-base imbalances. The hyperpolarization with parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) enhances inherently low signals in magnetic resonance experiments by several orders of magnitude and offers a suitable platform to obtain biocompatible markers in less than one minute.

Detection of tumour heterogeneity in patients with advanced, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer on [Ga]Ga-/[F]F-PSMA-11/-1007, [Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 and 2-[F]FDG PET/CT: a pilot study.

Purpose: In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), some patients show low/absent PSMA expression in tumour lesions on positron emission tomography (PET) scans, indicating heterogeneity and heightened risk of non-response to PSMA-RLT (radioligand therapy). Imaging cancer-associated fibroblasts and glucose uptake may further characterise tumour heterogeneity in mCRPC patients. Here, we aimed to evaluate tumour heterogeneity and its potential implications for management in mCRPC patients assessed for PSMA-RLT using [Ga]Ga-FAPI-46, 2-[F]FDG and [Ga]Ga-/[F]F-PSMA-11/-1007 PET.

Specialized metabolites of the endophyte Annulohypoxylon areolatum hosted by Aconitum carmichaelii.

Seven previously undescribed compounds, including one amino acid hybrid sesquiterpene areolatol A (1), two unusual natural sesquiterpenoid skeleton areolatones A-B (2-3) and four benzo[j]fluoranthene areolaranes A-D (4-7) were characterized from Annulohypoxylon areolatum. The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and ECD and NMR computational. Notably, areolatol A (1) was the first reported sesquiterpene featuring a 5/7/3-ring system and hybridized with two molecular amino acids.

Association of maternal infection of SARS-CoV-2 and neonatal susceptibility: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to assess the risk of neonatal susceptibility to COVID-19 among pregnant women.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 1089 pregnant women ≥28 weeks of gestational age, who were categorized into infected and uninfected groups. Data for all participants were collected through a comprehensive review of electronic medical records and follow-up phone calls.

Machine learning risk prediction model for bloodstream infections related to totally implantable venous access ports in patients with cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning-based risk prediction model for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) following implantation of totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) in patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was employed, utilizing the R software package mlr3. Various algorithms including logistic regression, naive Bayes, K nearest neighbor, classification tree, and random forest were applied.

Advances and clinical challenges of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.

In recent years, cell therapy has provided desirable properties for promising new drugs. Mesenchymal stem cells are promising candidates for developing genetic engineering and drug delivery strategies due to their inherent properties, including immune regulation, homing ability and tumor tropism. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells is being investigated for cancer therapy, inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, among others.

Hierachical Aerogel-Supported Cu-Sn-O Solid Solutions for Highly Selective CO Electroreduction and Zn-CO Batteries.

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) into high-value carbon compounds such as CO and HCOOH is a promising strategy for the utilization and conversion of emitted CO. However, the selectivity of the CORR for HCOOH is typically less than 90% and operates within a narrow voltage range, which limits its practical application. Herein, we propose a novel heterostructural aerogel as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CORR to HCOOH.