Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus is required for the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and intranuclear microvesicle formation.

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) () is highly conserved in baculoviruses. Previous studies have shown that is required for the production of infectious budded virions (BVs). However, the functional role of in virion morphogenesis remains unknown.

Gallic Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Caused by Sleep Deprivation through Antioxidant Effect.

Sleep deprivation (SD) has a profound impact on the central nervous system, resulting in an array of mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. Despite this, the dynamic alterations in neuronal activity during sleep deprivation have not been extensively investigated. While some researchers propose that sleep deprivation diminishes neuronal activity, thereby leading to depression.

Epigenetic modification in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Recent advance in genomics and epigenetics have revealed epigenetic mechanisms in PD. These epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and RNA-based mechanisms, which regulate cellular functions in almost all cells.

The amino acids of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus P48 critical for the association with Ac93 are important for the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and efficient formation of intranuclear microvesicles.

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) undergoes a biphasic life cycle with the production of two physically and functionally distinct virions: budded virions (BVs) and occlusion-derived virions (ODVs). Nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and intranuclear microvesicle formation are critical for the morphogenesis of BVs and ODVs, respectively, but the mechanisms and details of these two processes remain unknown. Our previous studies have shown that AcMNPV p48 (ac103) gene is essential for the nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and efficient formation of intranuclear microvesicles, and protein P48 associates with Ac93, which is also involved in the above processes in virion morphogenesis.

Current treatment strategies for COVID‑19 (Review).

The spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) emerged suddenly at the end of 2019 and the disease came to be known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). To date, there is no specific therapy established to treat COVID‑19. Identifying effective treatments is urgently required to treat patients and stop the transmission of SARS‑CoV‑2 in humans.

[Progress in the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and lung injury in COVID-19].

Severe inflammatory responses are considered responsible for acute lung damage in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 enters lung cells via ACE2, and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the pro-caspase-1 are then activated, followed by release of mature IL-1β and IL-18 and other inflammatory cytokines, thereby leading to inflammation and apoptosis. This inflammatory process induces syndromes such as inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, and edema in the lungs of COVID-19 patients.

[Situation analysis of off-label drug use in China].

To introduce current literature reporting situations of the off-label drug use(OLDU) by analyzing relevant literatures published in China, this study comprehensively focused on literatures about OLDU in China in seven Chinese and English databases, then extracted and analyzed the data by different literature types. A total of 667 papers were analyzed. The number of literatures about OLDU data analyzed in hospitals was 325, and the number of clinical studies relating to OLDU was 329, in which case series and case reports were the majority(69.

[Guidance of instructions for compiling expert consensus on clinical practice of Chinese patent medicine of China Association of Chinese Medicine].

The expert consensus on clinical practice of Chinese patent medicines shall be regarded as the same with clinical practice guidelines,which shall be concise,readable and applicable. Therefore,a formal expert consensus is unable to contain the whole compilation process and the content of its important process documents. It is necessary to write instructions for continuation,expansion and publicity.

[Reporting standards for expert consensus on clinical practice of Chinese patent medicines of China Association of Chinese Medicine].

In 2018,Standardization Department of China Association of Chinese Medicine invited methodologists with the background of evidence-based medicine to discuss and draft a series of standards for expert consensus on clinical practice of Chinese patent medicines. These standards have been made by reference to the published standards for developing expert consensus and clinical practice guidelines. These standards were made based on full consideration of the current evidence status and the history of clinical practice of Chinese patent medicines.

[Manual for the clinical experts consensus of Chinese patent medicine].

Chinese patent medicine is widely used in clinical practice, but improper use will not only weaken the efficacy of drugs, but even cause adverse consequences. Evidence-based medicine provides guidance for clinical practice based on the best available evidence, experience of experts and needs of patients. However, considering the situation of "insufficient evidence" or "very low quality" in Chinese medicine research, experts consensus is the main basis for clinical decision-making, but expert opinions on which the consensus depends are susceptible to various subjective biases.

[Comparative proteomics study of different processing technology for pilose antler using iTRAQ technology coupled with 2D LC-MS].

This study was designed to use iTRAQ technology coupled with 2D LC-MS/MS to study the comparative proteomics of different processing technology for pilose antler. 1015 proteins were identified with 2D LC combined with MOLDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Comparative analysis with Protein Pilot (Version 4.

[Studies and reports of impact indicators on big brand Chinese medicine cultivation].

Questionnaire survey was conducted among thirty traditional Chinese pharmaceutical companies nationwide. We studied the following factors and how they impose the significance on the culture of big brands, namely, the policies, the access to market, the specialty of the product, the foundation of research, the market, the salesmanship, the resource insurance of product and the security. And these could be referred when the enterprises cultivate the big brands.

Corrigendum: How and why do root apices sense light under the soil surface?

[This corrects the article on p. 775 in vol. 6, PMID: 26442084.

How and why do root apices sense light under the soil surface?

Light can penetrate several centimeters below the soil surface. Growth, development and behavior of plant roots are markedly affected by light despite their underground lifestyle. Early studies provided contrasting information on the spatial and temporal distribution of light-sensing cells in the apical region of root apex and discussed the physiological roles of plant hormones in root responses to light.