Identification of blacklist regions in cattle and pig genomes.

Cattle and pigs are important farm animals and biomedical models for studying human development and diseases. Accurate annotation of their cis-regulatory elements is essential for advancing breeding strategies and biological research. Identifying these elements typically relies on ChIP-seq data, which profiles histone modifications and transcription factors.

Determination of QLNC-3A6 in canine plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetic studies.

Multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor QLNC-3A6 Di-maleate, a structurally novel small molecule compound, has therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (CMCT) caused by mutations in the c-Kit gene. Since pharmacokinetic (PK) information plays an important role in the development and application of new drugs, etc., a rapid, highly sensitive and selective UHPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated for the first time in this study for the quantitative detection of QLNC-3A6 in canine plasma.

The combination of exon sequencing and metabolomics to establish a molecular typing system for gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. It has become increasingly difficult to meet the needs of precision therapy using the existing molecular typing system. Therefore, developing a more effective molecular typing system for GC is urgent.

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Unveils Dynamic Immune Cell Responses during Infection.

Background: is a parasite widely distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions, causing significant economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. However, little is known about the genetics of resistance in livestock. In this study, we monitor the dynamic immune cell responses in diverse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during infection in goats through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) analysis.

An emerging link between lncRNAs and cancer sex dimorphism.

The prevalence and progression of cancer differ in males and females, and thus, sexual dimorphism in tumor development directly impacts clinical research and medicine. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important players in gene expression and various cellular processes, including cancer development and progression. In recent years, lncRNAs have been implicated in the differences observed in cancer incidence, progression, and treatment responses between men and women.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate Regulates Tnfrsf12a/Fn14 Expression via Histone Modification and Prevents Cancer-Induced Cachexia.

Previous studies have shown that inhibition of TNF family member FN14 (gene: ) in colon tumors decreases inflammatory cytokine expression and mitigates cancer-induced cachexia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of FN14 expression remain unclear. Tumor microenvironments are often devoid of nutrients and oxygen, yet how the cachexic response relates to the tumor microenvironment and, importantly, nutrient stress is unknown.

Vitamin B is governed by the local compartmentalization of metabolic enzymes during growth.

Vitamin B is a vital micronutrient across cell types and tissues, and dysregulated B levels contribute to human disease. Despite its importance, how B vitamer levels are regulated is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that B dynamics are rapidly tuned by precise compartmentation of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), the rate-limiting B enzyme.

Correlation between Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Different Echinacea Purpurea Varieties.

Objective: Polyphenols are complex compounds containing multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups. They are widely distributed in plants and have antioxidant activities. Whether the antioxidant activities of the cultivated varieties of Echinacea are similar to or better than those of the wild ones and the relationship between the accumulation of polyphenols and their antioxidant activities are still not clear.

A Novel Assessment of Metabolic Pathways in Peritoneal Metastases from Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms.

Background: There is a paucity of targeted therapies for patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) secondary to low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs). Dysregulated metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer, and the relationship of metabolomics and cancer is an area of active scientific exploration. We sought to characterize phenotypic differences found in peritoneal metastases (PM) derived from LAMN versus adenocarcinoma.

SAPS3 subunit of protein phosphatase 6 is an AMPK inhibitor and controls metabolic homeostasis upon dietary challenge in male mice.

Inhibition of AMPK is tightly associated with metabolic perturbations upon over nutrition, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying are not clear. Here, we demonstrate the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory subunit 3, SAPS3, is a negative regulator of AMPK. SAPS3 is induced under high fat diet (HFD) and recruits the PP6 catalytic subunit to deactivate phosphorylated-AMPK, thereby inhibiting AMPK-controlled metabolic pathways.

MicroRNA-23a-3p overexpression represses proliferation and accelerates apoptosis of granular cells in polycystic ovarian syndrome by targeting HMGA2.

Objective: Granular cells (GCs) are involved in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) progression. MicroRNA (miR)-23a downregulation is linked to PCOS development. Therefore, this research explored the influences of miR-23a-3p on GC proliferation and apoptosis in PCOS.

Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on DNA Damage in Cancer Cells.

With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, the prevention and treatment of cancer have garnered considerable scientific attention. Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are highly toxic and associated with substantial side effects; therefore, there is an urgent need for developing new therapeutic agents. Dietary phytochemicals are important in tumor prevention and treatment because of their low toxicity and side effects at low concentrations; however, their exact mechanisms of action remain obscure.

Optimization of the moving averaging-moving differential algorithm for Φ-OTDR.

The moving averaging-moving differential (MA-MD) algorithm is widely adopted for event recognition and positioning in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (-OTDR) vibration sensing. In this paper, two theorems about the two critical parameters of this algorithm, the MA window width and the MD interval, are found, proved, and verified. According to them we can not only obtain an optimal signal-to-noise ratio and avoid missing the vibration signal but also greatly improve the signal-searching efficiency.

Integrative analysis reveals a clinicogenomic landscape associated with liver metastasis and poor prognosis in hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is a rare subtype of gastric cancer (GC) that histologically resembles hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite its low incidence, HAS had a poor 5-year survival rate. Currently, the linkages between clinicopathological and genomic features of HAS and its therapeutic targets remain largely unknown.

Protein interactions network of goat innate immune signalling pathway proteins and Haemonchus contortus excretory-secretory proteins.

Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) has caused a huge impact on the animal husbandry economy in the world's tropical and subtropical regions. Innate immunity is the first-line of host defence.

A happy cell stays home: When metabolic stress creates epigenetic advantages in the tumor microenvironment.

A paradox of fast-proliferating tumor cells is that they deplete extracellular nutrients that often results in a nutrient poor microenvironment . Having a better understanding of the adaptation mechanisms cells exhibit in response to metabolic stress will open new therapeutic windows targeting the tumor's extreme nutrient microenvironment. Glutamine is one of the most depleted amino acids in the tumor core and here, we provide insight into how important glutamine and its downstream by-product, α-ketoglutarate (αKG), are to communicating information about the nutrient environment.

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant sintilimab, oxaliplatin and capecitabine in patients with locally advanced, resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: early results of a phase 2 study.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have greatly improved the prognoses of diverse advanced malignancies, including gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. However, the role of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 treatment in the neoadjuvant setting remains unclear. This phase 2 study aimed to evaluate sintilimab plus CapeOx as a neoadjuvant regimen in patients with advanced resectable G/GEJ adenocarcinoma.

Revealing the transcriptional heterogeneity of organ-specific metastasis in human gastric cancer using single-cell RNA Sequencing.

Background: Deciphering intra- and inter-tumoural heterogeneity is essential for understanding the biology of gastric cancer (GC) and its metastasis and identifying effective therapeutic targets. However, the characteristics of different organ-tropism metastases of GC are largely unknown.

Methods: Ten fresh human tissue samples from six patients, including primary tumour and adjacent non-tumoural samples and six metastases from different organs or tissues (liver, peritoneum, ovary, lymph node) were evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing.

A Case Report of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma With Extensive Keratinization in Parotid: Expanding the Morphologic Spectrum.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant tumor of salivary glands in children and young adults. Typically, it is composed of squamoid, mucin-producing and intermediate-types cells. However, overt keratinization is rare.

Using DFB laser self-injection locked to an optical waveguide ring resonator as a light source of Φ-OTDR.

A distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser self-injection locked to an optical waveguide ring resonator (OWRR) is used in a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (-OTDR) vibration sensing system as its light source. A frequency-hopping-free period of more than 100 s is realized. A spatial resolution of 13 m at 4700 m and simultaneous measurement of two vibration sources are realized.

The B56α subunit of PP2A is necessary for mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipocyte.

Adipose tissue plays a major role in maintaining organismal metabolic equilibrium. Control over the fate decision from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to adipocyte differentiation involves coordinated command of phosphorylation. Protein phosphatase 2A plays an important role in Wnt pathway and adipocyte development, yet how PP2A complexes actively respond to adipocyte differentiation signals and acquire specificity in the face of the promiscuous activity of its catalytic subunit remains unknown.