Objective: Anti-angiogenic therapies (AATs), targeting VEGF-VEGFR pathways, are being used as an adjuvant to normalize glioblastoma (GBM) vasculature. Unexpectedly, clinical trials have witnessed transient therapeutic effect followed by aggressive tumor recurrence. In pre-clinical studies, targeting VEGFR2 with vatalanib, increased GBM growth under hypoxic microenvironment.
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