Neural Mechanisms of Observational Learning: A Neural Working Model.

Humans and some animal species are able to learn stimulus-response (S-R) associations by observing others' behavior. It saves energy and time and avoids the danger of trying the wrong actions. Observational learning (OL) depends on the capability of mapping the actions of others into our own behaviors, processing outcomes, and combining this knowledge to serve our goals.

Characterization of the Clinical Significance of PD-1/PD-Ls Expression and Methylation in Patients With Low-Grade Glioma.

Background: Immune checkpoints play crucial roles in the immune escape of cancer cells. However, the exact prognostic values of expression and methylation of programmed-death 1 (PD-1), programmed-death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 in low-grade glioma (LGG) have not been well-defined yet.

Methods: A total 514 LGG samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset containing gene expression, DNA methylation, and survival data were enrolled in our study.

Surgical strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma located in the left lateral lobe: A propensity score-matched and prognostic nomogram study.

Purpose: For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located in the left lateral lobe, the optimal surgical procedure is still controversial. This study aimed to optimize surgical strategies and to construct a nomogram to predict the postoperative survival of patients with HCC.

Methods: Between 1 January 2005 and 30 September 2018, a total of 493 patients were enrolled.

Erythropoietin Promotes Infection Resolution and Lowers Antibiotic Requirements in and -Initiated Infections.

Endogenous mechanisms underlying bacterial infection resolution are essential for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of inflammation caused by infection without unwanted side effects. Herein, we found that erythropoietin (EPO) promoted the resolution and enhanced antibiotic actions in ()- and ()-initiated infections. Levels of peritoneal EPO and macrophage erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) were elevated in self-limited initiated peritonitis.

Distribution of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and pollution indicators in water during a monsoon transitional period in Min River Basin.

Based on 197 monthly river water and groundwater samples and 30 event-scale precipitation samples, our study reports the distribution of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and pollution indicators in Min River Basin. The variation of δO and d-excess indicate that the water source in the upper main course water is more variable and that in the middle-lower part is relatively stable. Comparison between plots of δH versus δO in the river water and precipitation reflect the dominant water source is different between river water in the upper and middle-lower parts.

Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Improves the Efficacy of Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy have shown promising outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively. However, the combination of the two treatments has not been reported. In this study, we compared the efficacy of HAIC combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (HAICAP) and HAIC in patients with advanced HCC.

Cellular models of development of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma: A review of cell of origin and mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and malignant histological type of epithelial ovarian cancer, the origin of which remains controversial. Currently, the secretory epithelial cells of the fallopian tube are regarded as the main origin and the ovarian surface epithelial cells as a minor origin. In tubal epithelium, these cells acquire TP53 mutations and expand to a morphologically normal 'p53 signature' lesion, transform to serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and metastasize to the ovaries and peritoneum where they develop into HGSC.

Osthole Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression through Upregulating Tumor Suppressor GNG7.

Osthole (OST) is a plant-derived compound that can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and has a tumor-suppressive effect in multiple types of cancers. However, the mechanisms of OST-mediated breast cancer (BrCa) inhibition were still largely unknown. In this study, we made full use of the GSE85871 dataset to identify potential targets of OST in BrCa multiple bioinformatics analysis.

Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitors Plus Lenvatinib PD-1 Inhibitors Plus Lenvatinib for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Lenvatinib combined with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors has resulted in good survival outcomes in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has also attracted attention due to its high response rates and favorable survival for advanced HCC patients. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of HAIC combined with PD-1 inhibitors plus lenvatinib (HPL) and PD-1 inhibitors plus lenvatinib (PL) in patients with advanced HCC.

An innovative role for luteolin as a natural quorum sensing inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Aims: The emergence of antibiotic tolerance was a tricky problem in the treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected cystic fibrosis and burn victims. The quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor may serve as a new tactic for the bacterial resistance by inhibiting the biofilm formation and the production of virulence factors. This study explored the potential of luteolin as a QS inhibitor against P.

Protective effect of syringic acid via restoring cells biomechanics and organelle structure in human lens epithelial cells.

We have previously reported that syringic acid (SA) extracted from D. aurantiacum var. denneanum (kerr) may be used to prevent diabetic cataract (DC).

Discovery and validation of PZP as a novel serum biomarker for screening lung adenocarcinoma in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of suffering from various malignancies. This study aimed to identify specific biomarkers that can detect lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) in T2DM patients for the early diagnosis of LAC.

Methods: The clinical information of hospitalized T2DM patients diagnosed with various cancers was collected by reviewing medical records in Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 1, 2015, to June 30, 2020.

SANet: A Slice-Aware Network for Pulmonary Nodule Detection.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. A timely diagnosis of the pulmonary nodules makes it possible to detect lung cancer in the early stage, and thoracic computed tomography (CT) provides a convenient way to diagnose nodules. However, it is hard even for experienced doctors to distinguish them from the massive CT slices.

Clinical and molecular immune characterization of ERBB2 in glioma.

ERBB2 is a well-studied oncogene that promotes progression of multiple cancers, especially in breast cancer. However, the expression status of ERBB2, the values of ERBB2 on prognosis, and its molecular characterization in glioma have not been well examined. We explored the expression of ERBB2 and its clinical and molecular immune characterization in human glioma samples using the extracted genetic and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases.

Development of a novel immune-related lncRNA signature as a prognostic classifier for endometrial carcinoma.

Endometrial carcinoma (EnCa) is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancies. The purpose of the current study was to develop an immune-related lncRNA prognostic signature for EnCa. In the current research, a series of systematic bioinformatics analyses were conducted to develop a novel immune-related lncRNA prognostic signature to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy in EnCa.

JCS: An Explainable COVID-19 Diagnosis System by Joint Classification and Segmentation.

Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic disease in over 200 countries, influencing billions of humans. To control the infection, identifying and separating the infected people is the most crucial step. The main diagnostic tool is the Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test.

A ratiometric lanthanide-free fluorescent probe based on two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks and carbon dots for the determination of anthrax biomarker.

A lanthanide-free fluorescent probe has been constructed for the first time based on two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) and carbon dots (CDs) for ratiometric determination of dipicolinic acid (DPA), the biomarker of Bacillus anthracis. The fluorescence intensity at 659 nm increased due to the release of organic ligands TCPP resulting from the selective interaction between DPA and Zn of 2D MOFs. CDs provided a reference signal at 445 nm which was almost unaffected, realizing self-calibration DPA sensing.

Predictive value of 4-Hydroxyglutamate and miR-149-5p on eclampsia.

This research aimed at exploring the predictive value of 4-Hydroxyglutamate and miR-149-5p on eclampsia. Preeclampsia patients admitted to our hospital (n = 204), with 112 mild patients and 92 severe patients. Thereinto, pregnant women who underwent physical examination were regarded as a normal group (NG) (n = 100).

Quantifying Intensities of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding by Learning From an Ensemble of Protein Binding Microarrays.

The control of the coordinated expression of genes is primarily regulated by the interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and their DNA binding sites, which are an integral part of transcriptional regulatory networks. There are many computational tools focused on determining TF binding or unbinding to a DNA sequence. However, other tools focused on further determining the relative preference of such binding are needed.

CSF3 Is a Potential Drug Target for the Treatment of COVID-19.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that appeared at the end of 2019. As of July 2020, the cumulative number of infections and deaths have exceeded 15 million and 630,000, respectively. And new cases are increasing.

Wnt5a: A promising therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.

Despite the rapid development of novel adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic drugs in recent years, advanced ovarian cancer still lacks effective treatment strategies and remains one of the main causes of death among women. Wnt protein family is widely expressed in a variety of human tissues, and Wnt5a is an important member of the noncanonical Wnt pathway. Wnt5a has been found to induce tumor suppression as well as to function as an oncogene depending upon the specific cancer type.

Ovarian hormones-autophagy-immunity axis in menstruation and endometriosis.

Menstruation occurs in few species and involves a cyclic process of proliferation, breakdown and regeneration under the control of ovarian hormones. Knowledge of normal endometrial physiology, as it pertains to the regulation of menstruation, is essential to understand disorders of menstruation. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy in the endometrium, under the regulation of ovarian hormones, can result in the infiltration of immune cells, which plays an indispensable role in the endometrium shedding, tissue repair and prevention of infections during menstruation.