Potential of Nutritional Markers as Predictors After Immunotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the standard treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is clinically assessed before initiating ICIs; however, there are no established biomarkers for predicting the response to immunotherapy. In this study, inflammatory and nutritional parameters were examined to determine the therapeutic outcomes of ICIs for HNSCC.

Carcinoma showing thymus-like elements (CASTLE) with amyloid deposition in the parotid gland.

Carcinoma showing thymus-like elements (CASTLE) is a rare tumor that commonly occurs in the thyroid gland. Extrathyroidal CASTLE is rarer, and only 11 cases of CASTLE of major salivary glands have been reported to date. We report the first case of amyloid deposition in parotid CASTLE.

Recurrent urethral tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation in a female patient after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Introduction: Urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy in female patients with bladder cancer is relatively uncommon. Recurrent bladder tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation are extremely rare.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old female patient who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer presented with vaginal bleeding 19 months postoperatively.

Effects of dimension reduction of hyperspectral images in skin gross pathology.

Background: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging modality for the gross pathology of the skin. Spectral signatures of HSI could discriminate malignant from benign tissue. Because of inherent redundancies in HSI and in order to facilitate the use of deep-learning models, dimension reduction is a common preprocessing step.

Hyperspectral imaging for tumor segmentation on pigmented skin lesions.

Significance: Malignant skin tumors, which include melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers, are the most prevalent type of malignant tumor. Gross pathology of pigmented skin lesions (PSL) remains manual, time-consuming, and heavily dependent on the expertise of the medical personnel. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can assist in the detection of tumors and evaluate the status of tumor margins by their spectral signatures.

The implicated clinical factors for outcomes in 304 patients with salivary duct carcinoma: Multi-institutional retrospective analysis in Japan.

Background: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high-grade salivary malignancy that frequently occurs as the carcinomatous component of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. We herein examined the clinical factors affecting outcomes in a large cohort of SDC.

Methods: We selected 304 SDC cases and investigated clinical characteristics and the factors affecting outcomes.

Adrenocortical Carcinoma Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a very poor prognosis. A 77-year-old man underwent imaging studies due to poorly controlled hypertension, which revealed a mass measuring 43 mm in diameter near the left adrenal gland. There were no findings indicative of pheochromocytoma.

A case of cerebral infarction due to pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung.

Background: With the increase in endovascular treatment, reports of embolism other than thrombus are scattered, but intracranial tumorigenic embolism is rare and difficult to diagnose. Here, we describe a case of a tumorigenic embolism in a patient with lung cancer whose invasion into the vascular system was not detected on preoperative whole-body imaging.

Case Description: A 66-year-old man who was hospitalized to undergo radiotherapy for pulmonary carcinoma suddenly developed left hemiplegia.

Podoplanin is an efficient predictor of neck lymph node metastasis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma with low tumor budding grade.

The current study investigated the efficacy of podoplanin expression in tumor budding cells as a predictor of neck lymph node metastasis (NLM) in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of low tumor budding grade (TBG). A total of 99 patients with early T-stage tongue SCC of any clinical N status who received the initial curative treatment were enrolled. The association between podoplanin expression and NLM was immunohistochemically analyzed, with a focus on tongue SCC with low TBG.

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis from appendiceal adenocarcinoma to an ovarian mature teratoma, mimicking malignant transformation of a teratoma: a case report.

Background: Tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a rare but well-documented phenomenon that is defined as metastasis in a histologically distinct tumor. Ovarian mature teratomas (OMTs) can coexist with various cancers by malignant transformation, which may make it difficult to distinguish these from TTM. Herein, we report a case of TTM from appendiceal adenocarcinoma to the OMT, mimicking the malignant transformation of OMT.

Coexistence of endometrial mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma suggests a Müllerian duct lineage: a case report.

Background: Endometrial mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas exhibit classical histologic features of mesonephric carcinoma; however, it remains unclear whether these tumors represent mesonephric (Wolffian) carcinoma or endometrioid (Müllerian) carcinomas that closely mimic mesonephric carcinoma.

Case Presentation: A 32-year-old Japanese primigravida presented with atypical vaginal bleeding. An endometrial biopsy suggested low-grade endometrioid carcinoma, and she was administered medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Effects of the Geometrical Structure of a Honeycomb TCP on Relationship between Bone / Cartilage Formation and Angiogenesis.

A number of biomaterials have been developed, some of which already enjoy widespread clinic use. We have devised a new honeycomb tricalcium phosphate (TCP) containing through-and-through holes of various diameters to control cartilage and bone formation. However, the way in which the geometric structure of the honeycomb TCP controls cartilage and bone tissue formation separately remains unknown.

Characterization and potential roles of bone marrow-derived stromal cells in cancer development and metastasis.

The tumor microenvironment and its stromal cells play an important role in cancer development and metastasis. Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), a rich source of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, putatively contribute to this tumoral stroma. However their characteristics and roles within the tumor microenvironment are unclear.

The Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells during Ectopic Bone Formation of Mouse Femoral Muscle in GFP Mouse Bone Marrow Transplantation Model.

Multipotential ability of bone marrow-derived cells has been clarified, and their involvement in repair and maintenance of various tissues has been reported. However, the role of bone marrow-derived cells in osteogenesis remains unknown. In the present study, bone marrow-derived cells during ectopic bone formation of mouse femoral muscle were traced using a GFP bone marrow transplantation model.

Free-space-wave drop demultiplexing waveguide device fabricated by use of the interference exposure method.

Integration of free-space-wave add-drop multiplexers that consist of focusing grating couplers (FGCs) and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) in thin-film waveguides have been investigated for construction of an intraboard wavelength-division-multiplexing optical interconnection. Compact optics of a Lloyd mirror configuration and a contact-type mask aligner were combined as an interference exposure system for fabrication of DBRs of 300 microm coupling length. DBRs were integrated with FGCs on a thin-film waveguide on a glass substrate for two-channel wavelength-drop demultiplexing from guided waves to free-space waves.