Managerial accounting applications in radiology.

We review the core issues in managerial accounting for radiologists. We introduce the topic and then explore its application to diagnostic imaging. We define key terms such as fixed cost, variable cost, marginal cost, and marginal revenue and discuss their role in understanding the operational and financial implications for a radiology facility by using a cost-volume-profit model.

Financial accounting for radiology executives.

The authors review the role of financial accounting information from the perspective of a radiology executive. They begin by introducing the role of pro forma statements. They discuss the fundamental concepts of accounting, including the matching principle and accrual accounting.

R/qtlbim: QTL with Bayesian Interval Mapping in experimental crosses.

Unlabelled: R/qtlbim is an extensible, interactive environment for the Bayesian Interval Mapping of QTL, built on top of R/qtl (Broman et al., 2003), providing Bayesian analysis of multiple interacting quantitative trait loci (QTL) models for continuous, binary and ordinal traits in experimental crosses. It includes several efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for evaluating the posterior of genetic architectures, i.

Orally available compound prevents deficits in memory caused by the Alzheimer amyloid-beta oligomers.

Objective: Despite progress in defining a pathogenic role for amyloid beta protein (Abeta) in Alzheimer's disease, orally bioavailable compounds that prevent its effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function have not yet emerged. A particularly attractive therapeutic strategy is to selectively neutralize small, soluble Abeta oligomers that have recently been shown to mediate synaptic dysfunction.

Methods: Using electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral assays, we studied how scyllo-inositol (AZD-103; molecular weight, 180) neutralizes the acutely toxic effects of Abeta on synaptic function and memory recall.

Quantitative detection of promoter hypermethylation as a biomarker of acute kidney injury during transplantation.

Aberrant promoter hypermethylation, also known as epigenetics, is thought to be a promising biomarker approach to diagnose malignancies. Kidney repair after injury is a recapitulation of normal morphogenesis, with similarities to malignant transformation. We hypothesized that changes in urine epigenetics could be a biomarker approach during early kidney transplant injury and repair.

A non-randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost effectiveness of a Supervised Exercise Programme for claudication.

Objectives: The main aims of treatment in patients with intermittent claudication (IC) are to improve the clinical indicators of lower limb ischaemia and patients' quality of life (QoL). The aims of this study were assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of a supervised exercise programme (SEP) in patients with IC.

Design: Non-randomised, controlled trial.

Development of a survey to assess backpack use and neck and back pain in seventh and eighth graders.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a pilot survey of backpack use and neck and back pain in seventh and eighth graders.

Methods: A survey was developed on the basis of literature review and expert input. The survey was administered to 69 seventh and eighth graders.

Epistemological issues in omics and high-dimensional biology: give the people what they want.

Gene expression microarrays have been the vanguard of new analytic approaches in high-dimensional biology. Draft sequences of several genomes coupled with new technologies allow study of the influences and responses of entire genomes rather than isolated genes. This has opened a new realm of highly dimensional biology where questions involve multiplicity at unprecedented scales: thousands of genetic polymorphisms, gene expression levels, protein measurements, genetic sequences, or any combination of these and their interactions.

Microarray and genetic analysis of electron transfer to electrodes in Geobacter sulfurreducens.

Whole-genome analysis of gene expression in Geobacter sulfurreducens revealed 474 genes with transcript levels that were significantly different during growth with an electrode as the sole electron acceptor versus growth on Fe(III) citrate. The greatest response was a more than 19-fold increase in transcript levels for omcS, which encodes an outer-membrane cytochrome previously shown to be required for Fe(III) oxide reduction. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern analyses confirmed the higher levels of omcS transcripts, which increased as power production increased.

Transcriptional coordination of the metabolic network in Arabidopsis.

Patterns of coexpression can reveal networks of functionally related genes and provide deeper understanding of processes requiring multiple gene products. We performed an analysis of coexpression networks for 1,330 genes from the AraCyc database of metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that genes associated with the same metabolic pathway are, on average, more highly coexpressed than genes from different pathways.

A putative multicopper protein secreted by an atypical type II secretion system involved in the reduction of insoluble electron acceptors in Geobacter sulfurreducens.

Extracellular electron transfer onto Fe(III) oxides in Geobacter sulfurreducens is considered to require proteins that must be exported to the outer surface of the cell. In order to investigate this, the putative gene for OxpG, the pseudopilin involved in a type II general secretion pathway of Gram-negative bacteria, was deleted. The mutant was unable to grow with insoluble Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor.

Determination of Cefdinir by a stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method.

A simple, fast, specific, stability-indicating, and precise reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of Cefdinir in its different dosage forms, i.e., capsules and suspensions.

Effects of secreted oligomers of amyloid beta-protein on hippocampal synaptic plasticity: a potent role for trimers.

The accumulation of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) in brain regions serving memory and cognition is a central pathogenic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have shown that small soluble oligomers of human Abeta that are naturally secreted by cultured cells inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in vitro and in vivo and transiently impair the recall of a complex learned behaviour in rats. These results support the hypothesis that diffusible oligomers of Abeta initiate a synaptic dysfunction that may be an early event in AD.

Keratinocyte-derived chemokine is an early biomarker of ischemic acute kidney injury.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the leading cause of acute kidney injury [AKI; acute renal failure (ARF)] in native kidneys and delayed graft function in deceased donor kidney transplants. Serum creatinine rises late after renal IRI, which results in delayed diagnosis. There is an important need to identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis in renal IRI.

Outer membrane c-type cytochromes required for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxide reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens.

The potential role of outer membrane proteins in electron transfer to insoluble Fe(III) oxides by Geobacter sulfurreducens was investigated because this organism is closely related to the Fe(III) oxide-reducing organisms that are predominant in many Fe(III)-reducing environments. Two of the most abundant proteins that were easily sheared from the outer surfaces of intact cells were c-type cytochromes. One, designated OmcS, has a molecular mass of ca.

Determination of inorganic nitrate impurity from nicorandil and its tablet dosage form by simple reversed phase liquid chromatographic method.

A simple, fast, precise, specific and economical reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of nitrate (NIT) impurity from nicorandil (NIC) and its tablet dosage form. NIT is process impurity as well as a degradation product of NIC. This article is based on application of amino propyl silane (APS) column for determination of NIT in presence of NIC and various excipients using potassium nitrate as a standard.

Assessing the validity and responsiveness of disease-specific quality of life instruments in intermittent claudication.

Purpose: To recommend a suitable disease-specific quality of life (QOL) instrument for use in intermittent claudication (IC) based on validity and responsiveness.

Methods: Seventy claudicants completed two generic (SF36 and EUROQOL) and three disease-specific (CLAUS, VASCUQOL and SIP(IC)) QOL instruments prior to and 6 months after treatment (angioplasty or conservative therapy). Ankle brachial pressure indices and treadmill walking distances were measured at each assessment and International Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (ISCVS) recommended outcome measures were used to stratify the results.

Determination of rosuvastatin in the presence of its degradation products by a stability-indicating LC method.

A forced degradation study was successfully applied for the development of a stability-indicating assay method for determination of rosuvastatin Ca in the presence of its degradation products. The method was developed and optimized by analyzing the forcefully degraded samples. Degradation of the drug was done at various pH values.

Sources of variation in Affymetrix microarray experiments.

Background: A typical microarray experiment has many sources of variation which can be attributed to biological and technical causes. Identifying sources of variation and assessing their magnitude, among other factors, are important for optimal experimental design. The objectives of this study were: (1) to estimate relative magnitudes of different sources of variation and (2) to evaluate agreement between biological and technical replicates.

Imaging of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly: a guide to management and outcome.

Ultrasound imaging is the screening modality of choice for initial evaluation of the fetal central nervous system. However, there are times when fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information additional to that available from ultrasound. This review will: (1) discuss the ultrasound evaluation of ventriculomegaly and its associated anomalies; (2) illustrate and expand upon the type of additional information MRI can provide beyond that which is available from ultrasound; and (3) discuss how this additional information can alter diagnosis as well as change maternal counselling and case management.

Extracellular electron transfer via microbial nanowires.

Microbes that can transfer electrons to extracellular electron acceptors, such as Fe(iii) oxides, are important in organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling in soils and sediments. Previous investigations on electron transfer to Fe(iii) have focused on the role of outer-membrane c-type cytochromes. However, some Fe(iii) reducers lack c-cytochromes.