Cost-related medication nonadherence among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

Background: This study investigated cost-related medication nonadherence among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer and a comparison group in the United States.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2013 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey was performed. N=953 patients who were diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 15 and 39 years were identified, and a comparison group was created using propensity scores.

Toward high-resolution NMR spectroscopy of microscopic liquid samples.

A longstanding limitation of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy is the requirement for samples to have macroscopic dimensions. Commercial probes, for example, are designed for volumes of at least 5 μL, in spite of decades of work directed toward the goal of miniaturization. Progress in miniaturizing inductive detectors has been limited by a perceived need to meet two technical requirements: (1) minimal separation between the sample and the detector, which is essential for sensitivity, and (2) near-perfect magnetic-field homogeneity at the sample, which is typically needed for spectral resolution.

Resource Use and Real-World Outcomes for Ranibizumab Treat and Extend for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the UK: Interim Results from TERRA.

Introduction: Ranibizumab is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (anti-VEGF) approved for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The treat and extend (T&E) regimen can potentially reduce the burden of clinic visits compared with a pro re nata (PRN) regimen. Retrospective, interim analyses of clinical effectiveness, treatment and resource use patterns were conducted using real-world data in England and Wales from the TERRA study.

Inventions and Patents: A Practical Tutorial.

Patents are designed to protect and encourage creativity and innovation. Patenting a biomedical discovery can be a requirement before a pharmaceutical company or biotech entity will invest in the lengthy and capital-intensive drug development and clinical trials necessary to achieve patient benefit. Although scientists and clinicians are well versed in research publication requirements, patent descriptions and claims are formatted in a manner quite different from a research paper.

Race and outcomes in gastroschisis repair: a nationwide analysis.

Background: The incidence of gastroschisis has increased 30% between the periods 1995-2005 and 2006-2012, with the largest increase in Black neonates born to Black mothers younger than 20years old.

Objective: Racial disparities in peri- and post-operative outcomes have been previously identified in several types of adult and pediatric surgical patients. Is there an association between race and clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in neonates with gastroschisis?

Methods: Retrospective study using national administrative data from the Kid's Inpatient Database (KID) from 2006, 2009, and 2012 for neonates (age<28days) with gastroschisis.

Comparative effectiveness of chemotherapy vs resection of the primary tumour as the initial treatment in older patients with Stage IV colorectal cancer.

Aim: The objectives were to determine trends in the use of chemotherapy as the initial treatment and to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of initial chemotherapy vs resection of the primary tumour on survival (intention-to-treat analysis) in Stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC).

Method: This cohort study used 2000-2011 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database, including patients ≥ 66 years of age presenting with Stage IV CRC. Cox proportional hazards models and instrumental variable analysis were used to compare the effectiveness of chemotherapy as the initial treatment with resection of the primary tumour as the initial treatment, with 2-year survival as the end point.

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer.

Isolated hilar and mediastinal recurrence (IMHR) following external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in patients with lung cancer is common. These patients do not have many treatment options and are usually offered palliative chemotherapy or best supportive care. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided intratumoral injection of cisplatin (ITC) is a novel approach for these patients.

Dabigatran aggravates topoisomerase I peptide-loaded dendritic cells-induced lung and skin fibrosis.

Objectives: Dysregulated coagulation cascade has been implicated in development of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Thrombin, a key mediator of the coagulation pathway, has both proinflammatory and procoagulant properties. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of oral dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, on topoisomerase I dendritic cells (TOPOIA DCs)-induced lung and skin fibrosis, an experimental model of SSc.

Retinal vascular calibre changes after intravitreal bevacizumab or dexamethasone implant treatment for diabetic macular oedema.

Purpose: To compare changes in retinal vascular calibre after 2 years of treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab (BVZ) or dexamethasone implant (DEX) in patients with centre-involving diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods: At baseline, 88 eyes of 61 patients with DMO were recruited in a prospective, multicentre, randomised, single-masked clinical trial. Of these subjects, 22 BVZ-treated (52%) and 22 DEX-treated (48%) eyes of 34 patients (56%) had gradable retinal photographs at both the baseline and 24-month visits.

Comparative study of cardiac autonomic status by heart rate variability between under-treatment normotensive and hypertensive known type 2 diabetics.

Background: Co-existence of hypertension is known in three quarter of Indian type 2 diabetics, this duo having adverse additive effect on cardiovascular health including dysautonomia. Latter can be measured by simple 5min heart rate variability (HRV) using simple electrocardiogram, which if reduced indicates cardiac risk.

Objective: We compared HRV parameters between hypertensive and normotensive type 2 diabetics, looking for significant difference if any.

QTc interval in young Gujarati hypertensives: Effect of disease, antihypertensive monotherapy, and coexisting risk factors.

Objectives: To study the effect of disease duration, treatment and risk factors on QTc interval among young hypertensives.

Materials And Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 142 hypertensives (60 males, 82 females) taking calcium channel blocker (CCB) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) as monotherapy. After blood pressure measurement, we recorded lead II electrocardiograph with minimum ten waveforms.

Outcomes in Older Patients with Grade III Cholecystitis and Cholecystostomy Tube Placement: A Propensity Score Analysis.

Background: The Tokyo Guidelines recommend initial cholecystostomy tube drainage, antibiotics, and delayed cholecystectomy in patients with grade III cholecystitis.

Study Design: We used Medicare data (1996 to 2010) to identify patients 66 years and older who were admitted with grade III acute cholecystitis. We evaluated adherence to the Tokyo Guidelines and compared mortality, readmission, and complication rates with and without cholecystostomy tube placement in a propensity-matched (1:3) cohort of patients with grade III cholecystitis.

Mexican-American Dementia Nomogram: Development of a Dementia Risk Index for Mexican-American Older Adults.

Objectives: To create a risk index (Mexican American Dementia Nomogram (MADeN)) that predicts dementia over a 10-year period for Mexican Americans aged 65 and older.

Design: Retrospective cohort study with longitudinal analysis.

Setting: Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California.

Who did the case? Perceptions on resident operative participation.

Background: The ACGME case log is one of the primary metrics used to determine resident competency; it is unclear if this is an accurate reflection of the residents' role and participation.

Methods: Residents and faculty were independently administered 16-question surveys following each case over a three-week period. The main outcome was agreement between resident and faculty on resident role and percent of the case performed by the resident.

Impact of disease control and co-existing risk factors on heart rate variability in Gujarati type 2 diabetics: An observational study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a proven threat of cardiac dysautonomia with paucity of studies from India. Poor disease control makes it further worse with co-existence of hypertension in majority. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a validated noninvasive tool to assess cardiac autonomic status.

Minimally Invasive Methods for Staging in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a procedure that provides access to the mediastinal staging; however, EBUS cannot be used to stage all of the nodes in the mediastinum. In these cases, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is used for complete staging.

Topoisomerase I peptide-loaded dendritic cells induce autoantibody response as well as skin and lung fibrosis.

DNA Topoisomerase I (TopoI) is a candidate autoantigen for diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) associated with fatal lung disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. However, the possibility that TopoI-loaded DCs are involved in the initiation and/or perpetuation of dcSSc has not been explored.

Natural history and effect of therapeutic interventions on subretinal fluid causing foveal detachment in macular telangiectasia type 2.

Aim: To report the natural history of subretinal fluid (SRF) causing foveal detachment in macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) and our experience of therapeutic intervention with intravitreal steroids or antivascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (anti-VEGF) agents in some cases.

Methods: Retrospective case series. Three of the MacTel study's largest registries were searched to identify eyes with foveal detachment.

Association of Hypoglycemia With Subsequent Dementia in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Studies have found conflicting evidence regarding the association of hypoglycemia with dementia. We evaluated an association of hypoglycemia with subsequent dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, an electronic medical records data from the United Kingdom, from 2003 to 2012.

It depends on your perspective: Resident satisfaction with operative experience.

Introduction: Resident satisfaction is a key performance metric for surgery programs; we studied factors influencing resident satisfaction in operative cases, and the concordance of faculty and resident perceptions on these factors.

Methods: Resident and faculty were separately queried on satisfaction immediately following operative cases. Statistical significance of the associations between resident and faculty satisfaction and case-related factors were tested by Chi-square or Fisher's exact test.

Recurrent Patellar Instabilty Culminating in a Vertically Rotated and a Locked Patellar Dislocation - A Rare Entity.

Introduction: Locked vertical patellar dislocations are rare and pose a therapeutic challenge. This case is more unusual, as the patient was a known case of recurrent patellar dislocation and presented with an atraumatic locked and vertically rotated patellar dislocation. This type of presentation has never been reported in literature to the best of our knowledge.