Determination of Bone Density by DEXA Method Based on Bone Age and its Comparison with Chronological Age in Chronic Patients.

Background And Objective: Given the growing awareness about the important role of children's age in building bone for a person's life, physicians need to assess bone health in high-risk children for bone density disorders more than before to optimize their bones' density and prevent osteoporosis in future. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone density based on chronological and bone age.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 Patients who have been referred for bone density to the Osteoporosis Centre of the Children's Medical Centre over a one-year period (spring 98 to spring 99) were studied.

Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the novel coronaviral disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Iran: an alarming concern for severity and mortality of the disease.

Background: The rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections led to public health crises globally and the number of pediatric patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still rising. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at an Iranian referral pediatrics hospital and to compare these parameters between hospitalized patients with and without severe disease, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and children with acute COVID-19, as well as deceased and discharged cases.

Methods: This study included hospitalized children and adolescents (≤ 18 years) with suspected COVID-19 who had positive results for SARS-CoV-2.

Evaluating the value of different sonographic findings in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.

Introduction: Appendicitis is one of the most common paediatric surgical emergencies occurring in about 7% of healthy children. To make a definitive diagnosis preferably avoiding unnecessary X-ray radiation exposure, ultrasound is the ideal modality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of sonographic findings in children with acute appendicitis and comparing them with surgical findings to demonstrate the safety, simplicity and accuracy of this procedure in emergency departments as the first diagnostic procedure.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children: A Study in an Iranian Children's Referral Hospital.

Background: Despite the worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the epidemiological and clinical patterns of the COVID-19 infection remain largely unclear, particularly among children. In this study, we explored the epidemiological characteristics, clinical patterns, and laboratory and imaging findings of pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: From March 7 to March 30, 2020, there were a total of 35 patients who had confirmed COVID-19 infection by laboratory virus nucleic acid test (RT-PCR) assay with throat swab samples or typical chest CT manifestation compatible with COVID-19, in addition to a history of close contact with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in family members.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Rare Clinicopathological Presentation and Review of the Literature.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare and self-limiting disease process that presents most commonly in young patients as massive, painless, cervical lymphadenopathy. Extranodal involvement may also occur. Histopathologic evaluation is the main diagnostic modality.

Transgluteal ultrasonography in spica cast in postreduction assessment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Purpose: The position of the femoral head in spica cast after the reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) should be examined and followed up closely and regularly. The study aimed to use the transgluteal ultrasonography approach for this purpose and compare its accuracy with the results of CT scan, which is the most commonly used modality.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with an average age of 20-21 months were examined for 1 year after the reduction of DDH, both closed and open.

Evaluation of Lower Extremities' Vascular Characteristics in Myelomeningocele Patients: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common neural tube defect. Patients with MMC have multiple risk factors for venous thrombosis, but this complication rarely occurs. This lower rate of venous thrombosis in MMC children could be related to some characteristics of the vessels in the lower extremities.

International Interdisciplinary Consensus Meeting on the Evaluation of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

In September 2018, an international meeting of doctors of various disciplines, with expertise in the detection and treatment of DDH, was held in Csolyospalos, Hungary. The aim was to achieve consensus on the detection and early treatment of the condition and to develop a standardized system of teaching and training for hip ultrasound. There was strong agreement that US screening is essential.

Systemic Amyloidosis in a Teenage Boy With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Systemic amyloidosis is a very rare complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The reported cases of secondary amyloidosis in children with IBD are much fewer than those reported in adults. Herein, a teenage boy with Crohn's disease is presented who developed nephrotic syndrome due to renal involvement secondary to amyloidosis, whereas the patient was under treatment with corticosteroid and 6-mercaptopurine.

A 15-Month-Old Boy With Respiratory Distress and Parapharyngeal Abscess: A Case Report.

Parapharyngeal abscess is a life-threatening disease. Upper respiratory tract infection is the main cause in children. We present a 15-month-old boy admitted to the emergency ward with the chief complaint of difficulty in breathing caused by parapharyngealabscess.

Caustic Agent Ingestion by a 1.5-Year-Old Boy.

We present a case of caustic ingestion by a 1.5-year-old boy. The caustic agent was drain opener which is a strong alkaline substance.

Drainage-related ultrasonography (DRUS): a novel technique for discriminating obstructive and nonobstructive hydroureters in children.

Background: Despite advances in urologic imaging, the paucity of an optimal technique that accurately clarifies obstructive and nonobstructive hydroureter exists.

Objective: This study was conducted to introduce a novel and modified ultrasonographic technique, known as drainage-related ultrasonography (DRUS), discriminating obstructive and nonobstructive, nonrefluxing hydroureter.

Materials And Methods: A total of 358 children (mean age, 3.

Computed tomography findings of a patient with severe dysplasia of the inner ear and recurrent meningitis: a case report of gusher ear in a five-year old boy.

Communication between subarachnoid and perlymphatic spaces can be due to a deficiency of lamina cribrosa (stapes gusher). Recognition of the condition may alter the course of treatment that can avoid perilymph gushing. A five-year-old boy presented with a history of congenital hearing loss and recurrent meningitis.

Concomitant anterior and posterior urethral valves in pediatrics: A single center experience over 12 years and long-term follow up after endoscopic treatment.

Objective: To report our 12-year experience with endoscopic management of patients with concomitant anterior and posterior urethral valves.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients referred to us for management of urethral valves from 2000 to 2012 to find cases with concomitant anterior and posterior valves. The diagnosis of valves was first suspected on voiding cystourethrography and confirmed by urethrocystoscopy.

First description of a patient with Vici syndrome due to a mutation affecting the penultimate exon of EPG5 and review of the literature.

Vici syndrome is a rare autosomal recessively inherited multisystem disorder characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, cardiomyopathy, combined immunodeficiency, psychomotor delay, and hypopigmentation. Cullup et al. recently identified mutations in the gene EPG5 as the cause of Vici syndrome.

Hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome (HHS): report of two cases with a recurrent mutation and review of the literature.

Hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the GALNT3 and FGF23 genes. The main features of this disorder include painful swelling of long bones, increased renal reabsorption of phosphate but normal renal function and vitamin D and parathormone levels. Previously, we reported a novel missense mutation in the FGF23 gene in a patient suffering from HHS.

Posterior mediastinal mass: an unusual presentation of pediatric tuberculosis.

Mediastinal mass is a rare presentation of tuberculosis in children. The sources of posterior mediastinal mass are usually neurogenic tumors, infections or vascular lesions. Herein, a 12-year-old girl is presented who manifested with a posterior mediastinal mass extending to the right paravertebral space from T3 to T8 with extension to retrocardiac and subcarinal spaces.

Hypothalamic hamartoma in an unusual case with delayed puberty.

Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a rare intracranial lesion that usually presents with classic triad of central precocious puberty, gelastic epilepsy, and developmental delay. Herein, a 14-year old boy is presented in whom the diagnosis of HH was made by magnetic resonance imaging. While he did not have any complain of precocious puberty, he surprisingly suffered from delay in puberty.

Recurrent bacterial meningitis in a child with hearing impairment, mondini dysplasia: a case report.

Recurrent bacterial meningitis is not a common disease and makes physicians seek underlying predisposing factors which can result from anatomic anomalies or immunodeficiency. In this paper we present a boy with recurrent bacterial meningitis with the history of trauma and sensorineural hearing loss. Mondini dysplasia was demonstrated with computed homographic scans (CT-Scan) of temporal bones.

Hirschsprung's Disease: a Clinical and Pathologic Study in Iranian Constipated Children.

Objective: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a complex disorder resulting from absence of ganglion cells in the bowel wall leading to functional obstruction and bowel dilatation proximal to the affected segment. The aim of our study was to evaluate rectal biopsies from constipated children in different age groups to see in which age it is more likely to encounter HD to avoid unnecessary rectal biopsy.

Methods: Records of all children with chronic constipation undergoing a rectal biopsy to exclude HD were obtained from the files of Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran.

Sketched x-rays: Calcinosis universalis.

Calcinosis universalis (CU) is a known complication of dermatomyositis manifesting as calcified nodules and plaques localized in subcutaneous tissue, fascial planes, tendons, or intramuscular regions. We report a case and image of CU in a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).

Multiple magnet ingestion: is there a role for early surgical intervention?

Children often swallow foreign bodies. Multiple magnet ingestion is rare, but can result in serious complications. This study presents three unique cases of multiple magnet ingestion: one case an 8-year-old boy with multiple magnet ingestion resulting in gastric obstruction and the other two cases with intestinal perforations due to multiple magnet intake.