Effects of nano-berberine and berberine loaded on green synthesized selenium nanoparticles on cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization of goat sperm.

After cryopreservation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage sperm. Antioxidants are the primary defense against oxidative damage. Berberine is a bioactive alkaloid found in Berberis vulgaris, Curcuma longa, and Ergon grape, and is a potent antioxidant.