Effects of Heat Shock and 2,4-D Treatment on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Microspores and Microspore-Derived Doubled Haploid Plants in L.

Background: Stresses such as heat shock, starvation, or osmotic is essential to lead isolated microspores towards embryogenesis. Despite the effectiveness of stresses in embryogenesis, they exert adverse effects on metabolism and growth of the regenerated plants.

Objectives: The effects of heat shock and 2,4-D treatment on total protein content of treated microspores, morphological and physiological characteristics of the doubled haploid (DH) plants were assessed.