Optimal power flow using kepler optimization algorithm for active power loss analysis in island mode: A case study.

Growth in electricity grids, environmental awareness, and power reliability requirements necessitate the development of solutions for single- and multi-objective Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems, emphasizing the need for effective optimization algorithms. In literature, both classical optimization techniques and metaheuristic algorithm-based methods have been proposed to solve the OPF problem. Studies are typically conducted on the test systems.