Automated machine learning recognition to diagnose flood resilience of railway switches and crossings.

The increase in demand for railway transportation results in a significant need for higher train axle load and faster speed. Weak and sensitive trackforms such as railway switches and crossings (or called 'turnout') can suffer from such an increase in either axle loads or speeds. Moreover, railway turnout supports can deteriorate from other incidences due to extreme weather such as floods which undermine cohesion between ballast leading to ballast washaway or loss of support under turnout structures.

Fatigue damage assessment of complex railway turnout crossings via Peridynamics-based digital twin.

Railway turnouts are essential in the train traffic route management for modern railways. Despite significant devotion to railway turnout research, one of their most common failures has not been thoroughly investigated, which is a fatigue over the turnout crossing nose. At the crossings, wheel-rail discontinuity imparts high-frequency high-magnitude forces, which are the source of fatigue failure over the crossing nose.

Polyorchidism: color Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Polyorchidism, the presence of more than two testes, is a very rare anomaly. We report the color Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the case of a 20-year-old man with polyorchidism, presenting with an asymptomatic scrotal mass. Ultrasonography showed double testes with double separate epididymides sharing a common vas deferens in the left side of the scrotum.

Protective effects of leptin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat bladder.

The aim of the study was to evaluate protective effects of exogenous leptin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injuries to the urinary bladder tissue and to investigate the effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and apoptotic cells during I/R injury. Bladder I/R injury was induced by abdominal aorta occlusion by ischemia for 45 min, followed by 60 min of reperfusion in rats. The rats were divided into three groups: control (n = 8 + 8), I/R (n = 8 + 8) and I/R+leptin group (n = 8 + 8).

Morbidity after urodynamic study in diabetic patients.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the morbidity of invasive urodynamic study (UDS) in type 2 diabetic patients. Study was conducted on 94 diabetic (59.4 +/- 0.