Development and application of a low-cost smartphone-based turbidimeter using scattered light.

We demonstrate the development and application of a low-cost smartphone turbidimeter system to be used on water samples collected from natural resources. The proposed system depends on the spectroscopic measurements of both forward- and side-scattered light. A custom-designed cradle was fabricated using 3D printing, and plastic optical fibers were used to couple light from the smartphone's built-in flash and transmit the collected scattered light to the camera sensor.

Poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) - Pectin based hydrogel-forming systems: Gel, film, and microneedles.

Cross-linking of natural and synthetic polymers is widely explored to achieve the desired material properties (mechanical strength, drug loading capacity, swelling and erosion rates). However, the potential of polymers produced by crosslinking poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVE/MA) and pectin (PE) in pharmaceutics is mainly unexplored so far. We have investigated the effect of various esterification conditions and pectin content on the physicochemical properties.