Ghrelin ameliorates neuronal damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters, and GFAP expression in traumatic brain injury.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of ghrelin on oxidative stress, working memory, inflammatory parameters, and neuron degeneration.

Methods: TBI was produced with the weight-drop technique. Rats in the G+TBI and TBI+G groups received ghrelin for 7 or 2 days, respectively.

Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation of the effect of Shilajit in rats with experimental spinal cord injury.

Background: This experimental study was designed to investigate the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of Shilajit in rats with experimentally induced spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: Control group: The group in which spinal cord damage was created but no drug was administered. Low-dose group: This is the group in which intraperitoneal Shilajit is given at a dose of 150 mg/kg at the 1st h, 1st day, 2nd day, and 3rd day after spinal cord damage was induced.

Tissue Expressions of Regulatory Enzymes of the Krebs Cycle in Low- and High-grade Gliomas.

Aim: To compare tissue levels of the regulatory enzymes related to the Krebs cycle between low, and high-grade supratentorial gliomas.

Material And Methods: Forty patients who underwent surgery for supratentorial gliomas (19 with low-grade and 21 with high-grade gliomas) were evaluated. The regulatory enzymes directly involved in the Krebs cycle, namely pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, ?-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, and two enzymes that indirectly regulate the Krebs cycle, namely glutamate dehydrogenase and glutaminase, were quantitatively studied in tumor tissues using ELISA.

A New Approach in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: The Effects of Levosimendan on Necrosis, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an essential and common health problem worldwide. Levosimendan is an inotropic and vasodilator drug used to treat heart failure. Moreover, it exerts pleiotropic effects and, thus, protective effects on many organs.

Investigation of Oxidative Stress Level and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Operated and Nonoperated Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma.

Background:  Complex underlying mechanisms consisting of cytotoxic, excitotoxic, and inflammatory effects of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (ICH) are responsible for the highly detrimental effects on brain tissue. Oxidative stress also plays a significant role in brain damage after ICH; however, it is less important than other factors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant-reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CT) activities in operated and nonoperated patients with spontaneous ICH.

Operative and prognostic parameters associated with elective versus emergency surgery in a retrospective cohort of elderly patients.

Aim: To evaluate operative and prognostic parameters associated with elective versus emergency surgery in a retrospective cohort of elderly patients.

Methods: A total of 533 geriatric patients (aged ≥ 65 years, median age: 73.0 years, 50.

Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to clarify the relationship of shunt infection to childhood hydrocephalus etiology.

Methods: We analyzed 1021 patients with childhood hydrocephalus who underwent V-P shunting over a period of approximately 15 years. The etiology of 1021 patients include myelomeningocele (794 patient), congenital (165 patient) and intraventricular haemorrhage (62 patient).

Spinal Metastasis of Unknown Primary Accompanied by Neurologic Deficit or Vertebral Instability.

Background And Objective: Spinal bone metastases are common. They are mostly localized to the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine. The most common primaries to result in spinal metastases include lung, breast, and prostate carcinomas in adults as opposed to leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and neuroblastoma in children.