Examining the effect of threaded bolt fasteners on steel construction.

This study investigated the effects of threaded bolt fasteners on the initial and final stiffness of bolted joints in special steel modular construction. A comprehensive set of 246 specimens, including 4, 7.6, and 12 mm thick plates with 20 and 30 mm diameter bolts and different end spacings, were tested.

Modelling the impact of hailstones on flat steel roofing membranes for residential buildings.

Metal roof panels are commonly used on residential and commercial buildings. Steel panels exposed to hail have not yet been adequately tested for dent resistance. A finite element model (FEM) was used to analyze the entire test setup.