Caffeine prevents bilirubin-induced cytotoxicity in cultured newborn rat astrocytes.

Objective: Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) may cause neurotoxicity in preterm neonates due to immaturity of UGT1A1 leading to bilirubin accumulation in the brain. Caffeine used in the treatment of apnea of prematurity was reported to decrease mechanical ventilation requirement, the frequencies of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental disorders in very low birth weight infants. However, the effect of caffeine on hyperbilirubinemia was not yet clarified.

Relationship of age with the size of the interventricular foramina and aqueductus sylvii: a morphometric evaluation.

Objectives: The ventricular system is an essential part of the brain. Various pathologies directly or indirectly affect the size of this system. Morphometric analysis of the cerebral ventricular system is important for evaluating changes due to growth, aging, and intrinsic and extrinsic pathologies.

Effect of testosterone propionate on hippocampal pyramidal neuron number in female rats.

Introduction: The hippocampus is an important region of the brain that regulates cognitive and emotional functions. In this study, we examined the impact of perinatal administration of testosterone propionate (TP) on the number of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampi of female rats.

Methods: Five groups of rats were used in this study.

Injection of specific amyloid-beta oligomers (beta₁₋₄₀:beta₁₋₄₂ = 10:1) into rat medial septum impairs memory retention without inducing hippocampal apoptosis.

Objectives: Because of the well-known neurochemical interactions between the septum and hippocampus during memory processes, we investigated the effect of amyloid-beta (A-beta) injection into the medial septum (MS) on the behavior in Wistar rats. We also assessed whether the observed effects were functional or due to apoptosis.

Methods: Specific A-beta oligomers (beta1-40:beta1-42 = 10:1) were injected into MS for seven consecutive days.

Protective effect of insulin and glucose at different concentrations on penicillin-induced astrocyte death on the primer astroglial cell line.

Astrocytes perform many functions in the brain and spinal cord. Glucose metabolism is important for astroglial cells and astrocytes are the only cells with insulin receptors in the brain. The common antibiotic penicillin is also a chemical agent that causes degenerative effect on neuronal cell.

Hippocampal neuron number loss in rats exposed to ingested sulfite.

Sulfite, which is continuously formed in the body during metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, is commonly used in preservatives. It has been shown that there are toxic effects of sulfite on many cellular components. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible toxic effects of sulfite on pyramidal neurons by counting cell numbers in CA1 and CA2-CA3 subdivisions of the rat hippocampus.

Describing normal variations of head and face by using standard measurement and craniofacial variability index (CVI) in seven-year-old normal children.

To define the line separating normal from abnormal craniofacial appearance is complex and difficult because there are many craniofacial measurement parameters, and there are also many factors that influence the craniofacial morphology, such as genetics and environmental influence. The aim of this study is to define the range of normal distribution of craniofacial morphology by using different numerical methods in seven-year-old students in Denizli, Turkey. For this purpose, height, weight and 20 defined craniofacial parameters (including face height, face width, face depth, eyes, nose, ear, mouth and head) of 61 female and 58 male (119 total) normal cases were measured.