Applying a three-dimensional curved lumbar spine model to simulate surgery for training residents in pedicle screw insertion.

Purpose: The challenges of spinal surgery can be overcome by deeply understanding the anatomical and surgical complexities of the region through the use of model simulators. This study investigates the impact of digitally designed simulators, specifically lumbar spinal models with abnormal curvature, on preoperative planning and their effectiveness as training tools. The study addresses challenges in spine surgery, such as unique deformities, classification issues, and associated abdominal structure abnormalities.

Impact of surgery simulation using a 3-dimensional printed model on outcomes of hallux valgus surgery with distal chevron osteotomy: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective:  This study aimed to compare the outcomes of traditional surgery (TS) with those of a 3-dimensional model-assisted surgery (3DS) in hallux valgus (HV) surgery with distal chevron osteotomy.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial study included 30 patients randomly grouped as TS and 3DS. In the 3DS group, the surgery was simulated on the 3D model before surgery, and that simulation was used as a guide during surgery.

The tortuous course of the anterior ethmoidal artery in the orbit: A cadaveric study.

Aim: The study aimed to define the coursing pattern of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) in the orbit to minimize complications during endoscopic interventions.

Materials And Methods: A total of ten formalin-fixed cadaveric halves were included in the study. Orbital regions were shown with a superior approach.

The Upper Attachment of the Uncinate Process and Anterior Ethmoidal Artery.

Objective: Variations in the upper attachment of the uncinate process (UP) are important because they can affect frontal sinus drainage and change the morphology. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the primary technique used to treat chronic medically refractory rhinosinusitis. Uncinectomy is the basis of FESS technique to obtain the best possible result from surgery.

Prespecialist perceptions of three-dimensional heart models in anatomical education.

Purpose: This article aims to discuss the use of three-dimensional (3D) printed models of vascular variation cases as an educational tool for undergraduate and postgraduate anatomy students.

Methods: This advanced study involved ten anatomy assistants who were provided with five distinct cases of congenital cardiovascular variations, each accompanied by a computed tomography angiography (CT-A) and 1:1 solid model format. The residents were asked to generate perceptions for both formats and then compare these perceptions based on identifying the variation, defining the structural features, and evaluating relevant educational perspectives.

Patient-specific three-dimensional printing spine model for surgical planning in AO spine type-C fracture posterior long-segment fixation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare duration of surgery, intraoperative fluoroscopy exposure, blood loss and the accuracy of pedicular screw placement between 3D model-assisted surgery and conventional surgery for AO spinal C-type injuries.

Methods: In this study 32 patients who were admitted with thoracolumbar AO spinal C-type injuries were included. These patients were divided randomly into two groups of 16 where one group was operated on using conventional surgery and the other group was operated on using 3D model-assisted surgery.

Variations of the extracranial segment of vertebral artery as a bleeding risk factor.

Background: Standart interventional procedures such as screw instrumentation, aortic arch endovascular surgery and cervical nerve blockade may be of fatal risk due to anatomic reason of variations in the proximal part of the vertebral artery (VA). The aim of this study is to study the VA variations of the extracranial segments to evaluate the frequency of the incident to demonstrate the importance of clinical condition strategy.

Methods: The prevalence of variations and morphometric measurements of the VA in three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) scans were studied.

Patient-centered oncosurgical planning with cancer models in subspecialty education.

Background: A fundamental aspect of oncosurgical planning in organ resections is the identification of feeder vessel details to preserve healthy organ tissue while fully resecting the tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether three-dimensional (3D) cancer case models of computed tomography (CT) images will assist resident-level trainees in making appropriate operative plans for organ resection surgery.

Methods: This study was based on the perception of surgery residents who were presented with 5 different oncosurgical scenarios.

Perceptions of porta-celiac vascular models for hepatic surgery and their use in residency training.

Background: Primary aspect of hepatic navigation surgery is the identification of source vascular details to preserve healthy liver which has a vascular anatomy quite challenging for the young surgeons. The purpose was to determine whether three-dimensional (3D) vascular pattern models of preoperative computed tomography (CT) images will assist resident-level trainees for hepatic surgery.

Methods: This study was based on the perception of residents who were presented with 5 different hepatic source vascular patterns and required to compare their perception level of CT, and 1:1 models in terms of importance of variability, differential of patterns and preoperative planning.

Three-Dimensional Printed Anatomical Models Help in Correcting Foot Alignment in Hallux Valgus Deformities.

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is the most common pathologic entity affecting the great toe. The goal of corrective surgery is to restore foot mechanics and provide pain relief. The purpose of the study was to create individual angle using life-size foot models with three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to design a section on HV osteotomy.

Surgical planning with patient-specific three-dimensional printed pancreaticobiliary disease models - Cross-sectional study.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been increasingly used in medical applications with the creation of accurate patient-specific 3D printed models in medical imaging data. This study has been planned based on the fact that research on 3D printing in pancreaticobiliary disease is limited due to lack of studies on validation of model accuracy.

Methods: This is an innovative study where general surgery residents are presented 5 distinct hepatopancreatobiliary disease scenarios to generate a perception and required to compare their perception level of these cases with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), 3D images and 1:1 solid models that the pathology, diverse diagnosis and presurgery diagnosis stages can be observed.

Evaluation of the effects of using 3D - patient specific models of displaced intra - articular calcaneal fractures in surgery.

Background: It was aimed to compare conventional surgery and three-dimensional (3D) model-assisted surgery used in the treatment of calcaneal fractures.

Materials & Methods: A total of 37 patients with unilateral calcaneal fractures were randomly divided into two groups as a conventional surgery group (n: 19) and a 3D model-assisted surgery group (n: 18). The preoperative, postoperative and last follow up angles of the Bohler and Gissane, calcaneal width and facet height were measured.

Surgical advantages of using 3D patient-specific models in high-energy tibial plateau fractures.

Purpose: Treatment of tibial plateau fractures are difficult due to the intra-articular nature of the proximal tibia and extensive involvement of the soft tissue envelope. In this study, we investigated the surgical experience acquired using digitally designed life-size fracture models to guide as a template to place plates and screws in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures and anatomic reduction of joint.

Methods: 20 tibial plateau frature patients were divided into two equal surgery groups as conventional versus 3D model assisted.

Building Three-Dimensional Intracranial Aneurysm Models from 3D-TOF MRA: a Validation Study.

To create realistic three-dimensional (3D) vascular models from 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) of an intracranial aneurysm (IA). Thirty-two IAs in 31 patients were printed using 3D-TOF MRA source images from polylactic acid (PLA) raw material. Two observers measured the maximum IA diameter at the longest width twice separately.

Surgicoanatomical aspect in vascular variations of the V3 segment of vertebral artery as a risk factor for C1 instrumentation.

Object: Awareness of vascular anomalies in V3 segment of vertebral artery (VA) is crucial to avoid iatrogenic injuries during surgical procedure. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of V3 segment vascular variations and demonstrate the importance of deciding the surgical strategy for C1 screw placement.

Methods: Prevalence of vascular variations and morphometric measurements of the VA in the region of the craniocervical junction in 200 cases based on three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) scans were studied.

Multidisciplinary Assessment of Planning and Resection of Complex Bone Tumor Using Patient-Specific 3D Model.

Oncological interventions in thoracic cavity have some important problems such as choice of correct operative approaches depending on the tumor, size, extension, and location. In sarcoma surgery, wide resection should be aimed for the curative surgery. Purpose of this study was to evaluate pre-operative planning of patient-specific thoracic cavity model made by multidisciplinary surgeon team for complex tumor mass for oncological procedures.

Patient-Specific Three-Dimensional Model for a Safe Surgical Pathway in Sacral Chondrosarcoma.

Sacral tumors are amongst the most challenging procedures to treat because of the complex anatomy. This study determined whether patient-specific models change preoperative planning decisions made in preparation for en bloc resection of complex sacral mass surgical procedures. Imaging showed a big encapsulated mass at the S2-3 level involving the neural foramina and obscuring the nerve roots.

3D Brain Imaging in Vascular Segmentation of Cerebral Venous Sinuses.

The three-dimensional (3D) visualization of dural venous sinuses (DVS) networks is desired by surgical trainers to create a clear mental picture of the neuroanatomical orientation of the complex cerebral anatomy. Our purpose is to document those identified during routine 3D venography created through 3D models using two-dimensional axial images for teaching and learning neuroanatomy. Anatomical data were segmented and extracted from imaging of the DVS of healthy people.

Physical attractiveness: analysis of buttocks patterns for planning body contouring treatment.

Background: As buttocks region is one of the most characteristic features of the ideal female body figure, the popularity of gluteal region contouring is on the rise. Perception of body form is influenced by its shape and size. Interventions to modify the form of this region are often difficult due to influence.

Creation of 3-Dimensional Life Size: Patient-Specific C1 Fracture Models for Screw Fixation.

Background: Transarticular screw fixation has fatal complications such as vertebral artery (VA), carotid artery, and spinal cord injuries. The landmarks for deciding the entry point for C1 lateral mass screws were clarified by using life-size 3-dimensional (3D) patient-specific spine models.

Methods: This study included a total of 10 patients with C1 fractures.

The Ponticulus Posticus as Risk Factor for Screw Insertion into the First Cervical Lateral Mass.

Background: Awareness of the osseous anomaly of ponticulus posticus (PP) is crucial in avoiding vertebral artery (VA) injuries during C1 instrumentation. The aim of this study was to investigate PP and its relationship with the VA with three-dimensional computed tomography angiography.

Methods: PP and the VA were investigated as intraoperative landmarks.

Anatomical landmarks of mandibular interforaminal region related to dental implant placement with 3D CBCT: comparison between edentulous and dental mandibles.

Background: Anterior mandibular (interforaminal) region is important in implant applications as it serves a basis for neurovascular bedding and holds the prosthesis for patients. Treatment planning for dental implant patients is often complicated by the unknown extent of the anterior loop of the neurovascular bundle. Anatomical structures including mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and lingual foramen (LF) should also be examined as part of the detailed analysis for their neurovascular structures.

Development of Life-Size Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Dural Venous Models for Preoperative Planning.

Background: Despite significant improvement in clinical care, operative strategies, and technology, neurosurgery is still risky, and optimal preoperative planning and anatomical assessment are necessary to minimize the risks of serious complications. Our purpose was to document the dural venous sinuses (DVS) and their variations identified during routine 3-dimensional (3D) venography created through 3D models for the teaching of complex cerebral anatomy.

Methods: 3D models of the DVS networks were printed.