The role of nitric oxide and ferritin in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease: a controlled clinical study.

The role of ferritin in fibrogenesis of liver parenchyma in patients with alcoholic liver disease has been investigated in previous studies. Ferritin was shown to be an indirect marker of ferum deposition in liver parenchyma in alcohol liver disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease as well as the influence of NO on iron (ferritin) metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

Proton pump inhibitors after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding.

Background: Peptic ulcer bleeding is a common and potentially fatal condition. For patients with bleeding peptic ulcers that display major endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage, a combination of endoscopic and pharmacologic therapy is the current standard management.

Objective: To show our experience with management of peptic ulcer bleeding.

Test for obscure bleeding vs colonoscopy in the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer and its frequency has been on the constant and significant increase over the past 20 years. Prevention aiming for early precancerous detection, results in huge financial savings in the health care system. METHODOLOGY AND TEST SUBJECTS: Prospective randomized clinical research was conducted on 150 randomly chosen asymptomatic persons over the age of 50, with positive family history.

[Application of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnostics of biliary lithiasis].

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and Magnetic Endoscopic Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are important supplementary methods used for endoscopic extraction of common bile duct stones. The technical characteristics of both methods are excellent. If EUS is used for diagnostic purposes in diagnostic of biliary tree disorders there are almost no adverse consequences compared with other indication for this method.

Pretherapeutic staging of the esophageal cancer using endoscopic ultrasound.

Patients with verified early stage of the esophageal carcinoma are presented with a very good prognosis, however all over the world patients present themselves with advanced stages thus minoring the chances for survival. Data obtained form the USA programmes are presenting information about 5 year survival period in 14% of the cases. On the other hand, prospective multi centric European study refers to the same period in 10%.

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the endoscopic ultrasonography results in the patients examined in a period of three years.

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a well-established method of evaluating patients with gastrointestinal diseases, especially malignancies. EUS is like other similar endoscopy techniques, based on high frequency ultrasonography. This high level technology allows examination of tissue to almost microscopic level, not only in digestive system but its surrounding structures.

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG).

Portal hypertenisive gastropathy (PHG) and GAVE syndrome are recently discovered entities who can be associated with bloodloss from gastrointestinal tract at patients with or without liver cirrhosis. PHG will be developed at 65% of patients with portal hypertension caused by liver cirrhosis but it could be developed at portal hypertension which is not caused by the liver cirrhosis. PHG is often assosiated with portal hypertension patients and presence of esofageal and /or gastric varices.

[Clinical effectiveness of omeprazole, azithromycin and amoxicillin in ulcer healing and eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection].

Aim: Prospective clinical investigation efficacy of omeprazole was proved in combination with two antibiotics (azithromicine and amoxycillin) in H. pylori eradication. Efficacy of omeprazole was also followed in gastric and duodenal ulcer healing.

[Enteral and parenteral nutrition in gastroenterology].

Malnutrition is state of organism with import of energy and other nutritional factors lower then consumption, leading in certain period, to deviation from normal, or changes in some functions. Patients with gastrointestinal diseases are prone to malnutrition states because of basic functions in absorption of nutritional substances. Most common causes are inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease especially), different digestive fistulas (proximal parts), chronic pancreatitis, chronic liver diseases and malignant tumors of digestive tube.

[Endoscopic ultrasonography--indications, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures].

Endoscopic Ultrasonography, or EUS, has joined medical techniques of endoscopy with high frequency ultrasound technique, known as ultrasound. This removable achievement allows physician for microscopic tissue examination, not only in digestive system, but also in its surroundings by highly frequent technique. Endoscopic ultrasonography detects all kinds and nature of possible abnormalities, including and information, which are necessary for proper diagnosis and optimal treatment.

[Endoscopy of the lower part of the digestive system].

Examination of lower part of digestive system by colonoscopy is necessity in occult fecal hemorrhage occurrence, hematochesis, unresolved loss of blood iron and suspicious finding of large bowel X-ray barium study. By therapeutical colonoscopy, haemorrhage from neoplasms and angiodysplastic changes are controlled, foreign bodies are removed as well as routine polipectomics. Balloon dilation of large bowel stenosis, and palliative treatment of unoperable stenoses lead to improvement in quality of life with significant cost-benefit effects.

[Proximal endoscopy--from diagnosis to therapy].

Gastroscopy is medical procedure which allows examination of esophagus, stomach and duodenum by flexible instrument named gastroscope. Procedure could be strictly diagnostical, with evidence of current state and interventional/therapeutical, by attempting of prompt action (haemostasis, mucosal resection of cancer "in situ", polypectomy, dilation of benign and malignant strictures of digestive tube, placing endoprosthesis over strictures) Despite of its invasive nature, endoscopy is daily routine, safe and accurate procedure.

[Mucosal damage caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in H. pylori infection].

Background: The pathogenic role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the setting of NSAID use is still controversial. Aim of the study is to prove increased incidence of gastric mucosa damage in H.

[Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastritis as extra-esophageal factors in gastroesophageal reflux disease].

Introduction: Some substances, for example amoniac, that appear during an infection caused by Helicobacter Pylori (HP), can neutralise acid. It is assumed that a HP infection can attribute to the worsening of GERB disease with antral predominant gastritis and a defensive factor eith corpus-predominant gastrytis or esofagitis.

Aims: The aim of this study is to ascertain the role of HP infection in the modification of GORD through a prospective study, that is to see does a HP infection prospectively influence the disease or not, with a special focus on symptomatology with pathohistological findings of the antrum and the corpus of the gaster through a monitoring period of 12 months.

[Extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux].

The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERB) is one from the most frequent disease of the upper gastrointestinal system. Extraesophageal manifestations GERB occur most often as lung manifestations, ORL discomforts, and as noncardial pain in breasts. GERB is associated with the various respiratory diseases and symptoms as are the bronchial asthma, cough, wheezing.

[Superiority of endoscopic ultrasonography in detection of choledocholithiasis over standard ultrasound].

Aims: The EUS is a minimally invasive method, with a most specificness and sensitivity in verification of concrements in choledochus. The aim of this study is to compare the findings of conventional ultrasound with radial EUS in diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. PTS AND METHODS: 2o pts were included in the study, 13 females.

[Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection on endoscopic findings and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux].

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) represents an illness which reflects a syndrome caused by returning of acid gastric, alkaline pancreatic and bowels content into the oesophagus, which is in the stomach, because of the protective mechanisms of oesophageal loss. The aim of this study was that this prospective study should explain the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in modification of GORD, respectively whether the Helicobacter pylori infection acts protectively or by deterioration of the disease. According to the settled rules, the inquiry was performed as well as the selection of 97 candidates to undergo research in this study.

[Circulating immune complexes in acute and prolonged hepatitis A infection].

Level and dynamics activity of circulating immune complexes (CiC) and persistence CiC in the sera in the acute and prolonged HAV-infection was examined. In the same time we explored the relation of level and dynamics CiC compared with level, dynamics and persistence length ALT and IgM anti-HAV in sera, longitude excretion HAV Ag in stool and intensity patohistological damage in liver. Research have been undertaken in the prospected study on two groups with 90 patients in total: 60 patients with prolonged form of the hepatitis A, and 30 patients with HAV-infection with normal development.

[Expert systems in gastroenterology].

Expert systems are the software systems developed by the application of the various intelligence, which could successfully compete to peoples-experts, and have the consultant function with the characteristics of the explanations and the advices in some specific domain. These are, in essence, the intelligent information systems, which consists several thousands of the rules from the definite problem field and which are capable to explain their decisions. The knowledge systems are lesser software systems, also developed by means of the technique of the artificial intelligence which are usually less successful in some field of knowledge of the experts.

Endoscopic treatment of the benign and malignant esophageal stenosis.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy was born almost 40 years ago as diagnostic modality, but in last two decades with gradually developing of therapeutic possibilities gastroenterologists have taken an increasing role in the iinterventional treatment of many upper gastrointestinal problems. Modalities of treatment for esophageal stenoses were explained. Endoscopists should be aware that all of these methods has their limitations and they must be able to balance technological enthusiasm with full consideration of the patients qualities of life.